Table 2.
Ulvan-derived biomaterials and their reported applications.
| Source Materials | End Products | Preparation Method | Applications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulvan from Ulva lactuca | Hydrogel | The hydrogel was formed when dialyzed against seawater. | - | [62] |
| Ulvan from Ulva spp. | Hydrogel | The ulvan hydrogel was formed in distilled water and water containing borate and calcium ions. | - | [50] |
| Ulvan from Ulva spp. | Hydrogel | The hydrogel was prepared from the mixture solution of ulvan and chitosan. | Biocompatible ion exchanger as well as other biocompatible materials | [63] |
| Ulvan from Ulva lactuca | Hydrogel | Ulvan was modified with acetic anhydride to form amphiphilic polymers. Nanogels were prepared from acetylated ulvan by using the dialysis method. |
Carrier and delivery of water-insoluble bioactive compounds | [64] |
| Ulvan from Ulva spp. | Hydrogel | The thermosensitive hydrogel was prepared from the modified ulvan with thermal-sensitive group by using the dialysis method. | In situ gelling systems in biomedical applications | [65] |
| Ulvan from Ulva spp. | Hydrogel | The thermosensitive hydrogel was prepared from modified ulvan by using enzymatically catalyzed crosslinking reactions. | Vehicle for viable cells in the application of injectable cell delivery systems | [66] |
| Ulvan from Ulva armoricana | Hydrogel | The biodegradable hydrogel was prepared from functionalized ulvan by using photopolymerization. | Cell encapsulation Cytocompatible scaffolds |
[61] |
| Ulvan from Ulva spp. | Hydrogel | Hydrogels were prepared by crosslinking ulvan with divinylsulfone (DVS) under alkaline aqueous conditions. | - | [67] |
| Ulvan from Ulva lactuca | Film | Glycerol or sorbitol was used as a plasticizer. Film was prepared by casting solution into a plastic Petri disk. |
Packaging material | [58] |
| Ulvan from Ulva fasciata | Film | Glycerol was used as a plasticizer. Film was prepared by casting solution in a framed glass plate. |
Food packaging | [68] |
| Ulvan | Film | Film was prepared by casting solution in Petri dishes. | Drug delivery systems Medicated wound dressings |
[69] |
| Ulvan/chitosan | Film | Film was prepared by casing solution on flat glass. | Cultivation of osteoblasts Potential materials for the development of scaffolds |
[70] |
| Ulvan | Film | The ulvan film was formed by grafting of bioactive polysaccharide ulvan onto PVC surface. | Medical applications | [71] |
| Ulvan from Ulva rigida | Fiber | The ulvan-based nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning ulvan/PVA solution. | Drug release systems | [74] |
| Ulvan from Ulva fasciata/PEO | Fiber | The ulvan-based nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning ulvan/PEO solution. | Drug release and wound healing medium | [73] |
| Ulvan from Ulva fasciata/PCL | Fiber | The ulvan-based nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning ulvan/PCL solution. | Long-term drug release and tissue engineering scaffolding materials | [73] |
| Ulvan from Ulva lactuca/PDLLA | Scaffolds | The scaffolds of PDLLA loaded with ulvan particles were prepared by subcritical fluid sintering with carbon dioxide at 40 °C and 50 bar. | Bone tissue engineering applications | [75] |
| Ulvan from Ulva armoricana | Scaffolds | The ulvan scaffold was prepared by using photo-crosslinking. | Resorbable bone graft substitutes | [78] |
| Ulvan from Ulva armoricana | Scaffolds | The ulvan scaffold was prepared by the formation of ulvan–chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes. | Tissue engineering | [79] |
Footnotes: PVC—polyvinyl chloride, PEO—polyethylene oxide, PVA—poly(vinyl alcohol), PCL—polycaprolactone, PDLLA—poly-D,L-lactic acid.