Figure 4.

ATRA mediates signal transduction changes in MΦs. (A) Representative immunoblots of phosphorylated IkBα, Erk, SAPK/JNK, and p38 from whole-cell lysates after ATRA treatment for the indicated time points. Here, 60-min LPS-primed cells served as a positive control. (B) MΦs were pre-incubated with ATRA (1 µM) prior to LPS priming for the indicated time, and phosphorylated IkBα, Erk, SAPK/JNK, and p38. β-actin was used as the internal control. C, control (mock-treated cells). The data were obtained from at least four healthy donors. All results are shown as means ± SEM. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). +, −, presence or absence of indicated substance, respectively