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. 2020 Jul 11;12(7):1535. doi: 10.3390/polym12071535

Table 6.

Antibacterial properties of PU/ZnO composite.

PU/ZnO Composite Attached Functional Group with ZnO Antibacterial Test ZnO Content Antibacterial Activity Ref.
E. coli K. pneumonia S. ureus B. subtilis A. niger A. brasiliensis
Hybrid composite coatings 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane Luria–Bertani agar medium 1.0 wt.% 1.5 wt.%
2.0 wt.%
+
++
+++
++
+
++
+
++
+++


N.D
N.D
+++


[35]
Composite film Magnesium-doped MacConkey agar 1.0 wt.% 2.5 wt.%
5.0 wt.%
67.6%
73.5%
93.3%
(Antibacterial rate)










[41]
Hybrid Scaffold MWCNT Tryptic soy broth medium 0.2 0.4 wt.% 148% (Inhibition zone) 158% (Inhibition zone) [49]
Coating Agar dilution method 1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
20
26
71
90






0
18
61
84






[51]
composite 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane Agar plate 0.5 wt.%
1.0 wt.%
1.5 wt.%
2.0 wt.%
4.0 wt.%
42
12
7
3
0
(survival ratio%)




70
42
25
8
0
(survival ratio%)












[55]
Bactericidal coating sheet Crystal violet MacConkey agar
Mannitol Salt agar
Not mentioned +++ +++ [62]
Packaging film Chitosan Agar plate 1.0%
3.0%
5.0%
+
++
+++


+
++
+++






[64]
Membranes Sabouraud agar 5.0 wt.%
10.0 wt.%
+
++
[65]
Membranes Minimum inhibitory concentration method (cell viability) 2.0 wt.%
4.0 wt.%
6.0 wt.%
8.0 wt.%
+
++
+++
++++















[66]
Composite foam Mueller Hinton Agar 10.0 wt.% 103 CFU (colony forming unit) reduction 103 CFU reduction [68]
Coating Well diffusion 0.1 wt.%
0.5 wt.%
1.0 wt.%
1.5 wt.%
2.0 wt.%
15%
40%
65%
80%
100%
(Inhibition)








20%
50%
75%
90%
100%
(Inhibition)








[79]
Hybrid materials Agar plate Not mentioned ✓ +++ [82]
Varnished coating Counted number of colonies 0.4 wt.%
0.7 wt.%
✓ 22
✓ 16
✓ (inhibit growth)

8 (85%)
2 (95%)
(inhibit growth)



[91]
Nano fiber 1.0
5.0
✓ …
✓ …
60.0
98.7
99.9
99.9



[93]

“+” = it has antibacterial activity, “−” = it has no antibacterial activity, N.D. = it has not determined.