Table 1.
Various nanoparticles loaded with gadolinium. Some representative nanoparticles used as radiosensitizing agents as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancing agents are shown. The dose of X-ray and the animal models used are described in the text.
| Radiosensitization Effect | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPs | Size(nm) | In Vitro | In Vivo | Biological Effect | Reference |
| Gadolinium oxide NPs | |||||
| HA-Gd2O3 | 105 | Hep G2 | Mouse xenograft | - | [24] |
| GONs | 3.1 | NSCLC | - | ROS autophagy | [25] |
| Gd2O3@SiO2 | 42 | CT26 | - | ROS | [26] |
| Polysiloxane-Gd chelates | |||||
| AGulX | 3 | Panc-1, SQ20B, B16F10, U87MG, HeLa | Brain metastasis | ROS | [27,28,29,30,31,32] |
| Rat brain tumor | DNA damage | ||||
| SiBiGdNP | 4.5 | A549 NSCLC | Mouse xenograft | DNA damage | [33] |
| Polyoxometrates-conjugated chiotosan | |||||
| GdW10@CS | 30 | BEL-7402 | Mouse xenograft | ROS | [34] |
| HeLa | DNA damage | ||||
| Albumin NP-s-GD-DTPA | |||||
| Gd2O3@BSA | 23.3 | HepG2 | - | ROS | [35] |
| RAW264.7 | photocytotoxicity | ||||
| MSN loaded with Gd | |||||
| Gd-MSN | 139 | OVCAR8 | - | Tumor spheroid destruction | [9] |