Figure 5.

Effect of sonodynamic treatment on PC-3 cell growth. Cells were incubated for 6 h with Chlor-Lipo or Chlor-SLN and for 24 h with Chlor or Chlor-PLGA NSs at the same concentration (5 μM) and then exposed to US at 1.5 MHz for 5 min at 1.5 W/cm². In the graphs is also shown the effect of sonodynamic treatment in presence of the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Before exposing PC-3 cells to US, 5.0 mM NAC was added for the last 3 h incubation of the various Chlor formulations, as reported above. Cells were then exposed to US at 1.5 MHz for 5 min at 1.5 W/cm². Cell growth was evaluated after 24 and 48 h by WST-1 assay. Statistically significant difference vs. untreated cells: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.