Figure 7.

PC-3 ROS production after sonodynamic treatment as a function of time. PC-3 cells were exposed to US (1.5 MHz for 5 min at 1.5 W/cm²) or pre-incubated with the various Chlor formulations at the same concentration (5 μM) and the proper time (6 h for Chlor-Lipo or Chlor-SLN and 24 h for Chlor or Chlor-PLGA NSs) and then exposed to US (1.5 MHz for 5 min at 1.5 W/cm²). ROS levels were determined according to the DCFH-DA assay by flow cytometry and expressed as the integrated mean fluorescence ratio (iMFI), as described in Materials and Methods. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.