Table 1.
Body composition, physical parameters and plasma biomarkers in healthy controls and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) participants.
| Non-COPD | COPD GOLD 1 and 2 |
COPD GOLD 3 and 4 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Baseline (Years) | 66.4 ± 4.7 | 67.3 ± 5.2 | 69.1 ± 4.8 |
| Body Composition | |||
| BMI (Kg/m2) | (0) 26.2 ± 5.3 | (0) 25.4 ± 4.5 | (0) 24.6 ± 4.3 |
| (12) 26.1 ± 5.1 | (12) 25.1 ± 4.9 | (12) 25 ± 5.2 | |
| (24) 26 ± 4.3 | (24) 24.4 ± 4.7 | (24) 24.8 ± 4.4 | |
| ASM (Kg) | (0) 23.5 ± 4.3 | (0) 22.6 ± 3.7 | (0) 22.4 ± 4 |
| (12) 22.8 ± 5.1 | (12) 22 ± 4.8 | (12) 22.5 ± 4.1 | |
| (24) 22.1 ± 4.3 | (24) 22.1 ± 5.1 | (24) 21 ± 3.7 | |
| ASMI (Kg/m2) | (0) 8 ± 1.5 | (0) 7.9 ± 1.3 | (0) 7.8 ± 1.2 |
| (12) 7.9 ± 1.6 | (12) 7.7 ± 1.4 | (12) 7.8 ± 1.1 | |
| (24) 8.1 ± 1.4 | (24) 7.6 ± 0.9 * | (24) 7.5 ± 0.8 * | |
| Percent Fat | (0) 41 ± 6.2 | (0) 40.6 ± 5.4 | (0) 41.3 ± 6.4 |
| (12) 42.8 ± 6.4 | (12) 42.4 ± 6.1 | (12) 43.6 ± 5.6 | |
| (24) 43.8 ± 5.8 | (24) 44.1 ± 4.3 | (24) 45.2 ± 6.4 | |
| Physical Parameters | |||
| HGS (kg) | (0) 41.5 ± 5.4 | (0) 36.4 ± 4.3 * | (0) 29.6 ± 5.2 * # |
| (12) 38.4.8 ± 6.4 | (12) 33.1 ± 6.3 * | (12) 25.5 ± 4.5 * # | |
| (24) 37.4 ± 4.3 α | (24) 29.4 ± 5.1 * α | (24) 22.1 ± 4.1 * # α | |
| HGS/ASM | (0) 1.76 ± 0.3 | (0) 1.61 ± 0.14 * | (0) 1.34 ± 0.23 * # |
| (12) 1.68 ± 0.16 | (12) 1.5 ± 0.15 * | (12) 1.13 ± 0.18 * # α | |
| (24) 1.55 ± 0.21 α β | (24) 1.33 ± 0.13 * α | (24) 1.05 ± 0.11 * # α | |
| 10 min Walking Speed (m/s) | (0) 1.18 ± 0.28 | (0) 1.09 ± 0.2 | (0) 1.01 ± 0.28 * |
| (12) 1.15 ± 0.26 | (12) 1.02 ± 0.19 * | (12) 0.95 ± 0.26 * | |
| (24) 1.1 ± 0.22 | (24) 1.01 ± 0.17 | (24) 0.91 ± 0.22 * # α | |
| Daily Steps Count | (0) 7787 ± 1037 | (0) 6373 ± 1098 | (0) 4252 ± 636 * # |
| (12) 7598 ± 985 | (12) 5943 ± 949 * | (12) 3673 ± 512 * # | |
| (24) 7614 ± 1014 | (24) 5611 ± 869 * α | (24) 3361 ± 496 * # α | |
| Spirometry | |||
| FEV1% | (0) 96.41 ± 5.7 | (0) 64.73 ± 6.3 * | (0) 43.7 ± 5.2 * # |
| (12) 95.12 ± 6.4 | (12) 59 ± 5.7 * | (12) 41.8 ± 4.1 * # | |
| (24) 96.54 ± 4.3 | (24) 56.34 ± 4.4 * α | (24) 39.3 ± 4.2 * # | |
| PEFR% | (0) 90.91 ± 5.5 | (0) 74.83 ± 6.3 * | (0) 53.48 ± 6.4 * # |
| (12) 88.82 ± 6.4 | (12) 71.31 ± 7.3 * | (12) 51.33 ± 4.1 * # | |
| (24) 89.37 ± 5.4 | (24) 67.43 ± 5.5 * α | (24) 48.43 ± 3.6 * # | |
| Plasma Biomarkers | |||
| eHSP72 (ng/mL) | (0) 2.11 ± 0.7 | (0) 2.19 ± 0.8 | (0) 2.31 ± 0.5 * |
| (12) 2.22 ± 0.8 | (12) 2.34 ± 0.6 | (12) 2.41 ± 0.5 * | |
| (24) 2.29 ± 0.6 α | (24) 2.38 ± 0.7 α | (24) 2.55 ± 0.6 * | |
| CAF22 (pM) | (0) 88.2 ± 15.4 | (0) 229.3 ± 44.3 * | (0) 334 ± 69.1 * # |
| (12) 104.3 ± 33 | (12) 256.3 ± 65 * | (12) 368.3 ± 83 * # | |
| (24) 122.8 ± 31 | (24) 273.4 ± 44 * α | (24) 389.5 ± 42 * α # β | |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD; one-way analysis of variance.* p < 0.05 vs. the non-COPD group at the same time point; # p < 0.05 vs. the GOLD 1 and 2 subgroup at the same time point; α p < 0.05 vs. the baseline in the same group at the same time point, β p < 0.05 vs. 12-months in the same group. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the measurement time points. (N = 129–252/group for body composition, physical parameters and spirometry and 64–68/group for plasma biomarkers).