Table 1.
Multivariable Analyses of Associations Between Sexual Risk Behavior, CMV Serostatus, and T-Cell Differentiation, Activation, Exhaustion, and Terminal Differentiation
| Markers | Variable | B (95% CI) | P Valuea | B (95% CI) | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activation and Exhaustion | CD4+ T Cells | CD8+ T Cells | ||||
| %HLA-DR+CD38+ | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | −0.20 (−0.39 to 0.02)b | .03 | 0.00 (−0.59 to 0.59)c | 1.00 | ||
| hr-MSM | 0.22 (0.07–0.37)b | .005 | 0.53 (0.06–1.00)c | .03 | ||
| CMV | 0.06 (−0.09 to 0.20)b | .45 | 0.14 (−0.32 to 0.60)c | .55 | ||
| %PD-1+ | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | 0.29 (−0.37 to 0.95)c | .39 | −0.01 (−0.18 to 0.17)b | .95 | ||
| hr-MSM | 0.36 (−0.15 to 0.86)c | .16 | 0.06 (−0.08 to 0.19)b | .41 | ||
| CMV | 0.15 (−0.37 to 0.67)c | .56 | −0.09 (−0.23 to 0.05)b | .21 | ||
| T-Cell Differentiation | ||||||
| %Naive | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | −4.00 (−17.22 to 9.21) | .55 | 0.44 (−0.75 to 1.62)c | .47 | ||
| hr-MSM | −9.85 (−20.17 to 0.46) | .06 | −0.94 (−1.87 to 0.02)c | .05 | ||
| CMV | −0.21 (−10.56 to 10.13) | .97 | −1.03 (−1.96 to 0.10)c | .03 | ||
| %Central memory | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | 7.17 (0.03–14.31) | .05 | 0.26 (−0.01 to 0.52)b | .06 | ||
| hr-MSM | −4.53 (−10.11 to 1.04) | .11 | −0.24 (−0.45 to 0.04)b | .02 | ||
| CMV | −6.56 (−12.15 to 0.97) | .02 | −0.16 (−0.37 to 0.04)b | .12 | ||
| %Transitional memory | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | −0.15 (−0.36 to 0.06)b | .16 | −0.01 (−1.03 to 1.01)c | .98 | ||
| hr-MSM | 0.14 (−0.03 to 0.30)b | .10 | 0.65 (−0.14 to 1.45)c | .11 | ||
| CMV | −0.09 (−0.25 to 0.08)b | .28 | −1.23 (−2.02 to 0.43)c | .003 | ||
| %Effector | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | 0.00 (−0.28 to 0.28)b | .98 | −0.32 (−1.48 to 0.85)b | .59 | ||
| hr-MSM | 0.30 (0.08–0.52)b | .008 | 0.57 (−0.34 to 1.47)b | .22 | ||
| CMV | 0.31 (0.09–0.53)b | .007 | 1.97 (1.05–2.88)b | 5.7e-05 | ||
| Terminal Differentiation | ||||||
| %CD57+ | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | 0.13 (−0.16 to 0.42)b | .37 | −0.33 (−1.36 to 0.69)c | .52 | ||
| hr-MSM | 0.24 (0.02–0.46)b | .03 | 1.00 (0.22–1.79)c | .01 | ||
| CMV | 0.19 (−0.04 to 0.41)b | .11 | 1.21 (0.41–2.02)c | .004 | ||
| %CD27−CD28− | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | −0.46 (−0.96 to 0.05)b | .08 | −1.10 (−2.36 to 0.16)c | .09 | ||
| 0.82 (0.44–1.20)b | 6.4e-05 | 1.55 (0.58–2.51)c | .002 | |||
| CMV | hr-MSM | 0.55 (0.13–0.97)b | .01 | 2.20 (1.21–3.18)c | 3.2e-05 | |
| %CD57+ of CD28− | Group | BBD (ref) | ||||
| lr-MSM | 0.23 (−1.61 to 2.06)c | .81 | −0.58 (−1.40 to 0.23)c | .16 | ||
| hr-MSM | 1.50 (0.10–2.91)c | .04 | 0.53 (−0.10 to 1.15)c | .10 | ||
| CMV | 3.41 (1.98–4.85)c | 1.1e-05 | 1.02 (0.38–1.66)c | .002 |
Abbreviations: B, unstandardized regression coefficient; BBD, blood bank donors; CI, confidence interval; CMV, cytomegalovirus; hr-MSM, men who have sex with men with high-risk sexual behavior; lr-MSM, MSM without high-risk sexual behavior; MSM, men who have sex with men; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; ref, reference group.
a P value of multivariable linear regression corrected for age. Unadjusted P values are given. Bonferroni correction for multiple testing required a P < .006 for statistical significance (bold).
bLog transformed to obtain normality.
cSquare root transformed to obtain normality.