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. 2020 Jul 18;9(7):1725. doi: 10.3390/cells9071725

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A schematic summary illustrating PTEN role in tumor/stroma interplay. See the text for details. (1) PTEN blocks oncogenic drivers of tumors including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3. (2) PTEN reduces immunosuppressive cytokines, determining induction of T cells’ infiltration into tumor tissue. (3) PTEN reduces tumor-associated neutrophils (4) PTEN in macrophages reduces cytokines and M2 macrophage polarization in TME. (5) In tumor cells PTEN decreases PD-L1 expression which is responsible for T cell inactivation in the tumor microenvironment. (6) PTEN induces a condensed layer of SMA-positive stroma. (7) PTEN blocks PI3K-dependent activation of SHP 2 which acts as a negative regulator to inhibit IFN-γ.