2-HG	2-hydroxyglutarate
5-FU	5-fluorouracil
ACC	acetyl CoA carboxylase
2-HG	2-hydroxyglutarate
ADP	adenosine diphosphate
αKG	α ketoglutarate
AKT	protein kinase B
AML	acute myeloid leukemia
AMPK	5’ AMP-activated protein kinase
Bax	Bcl-2-associated X protein
BW	body weight
CAF	cancer-associated fibroblast
CD	cluster of differentiation
CDK	cyclin-dependent kinase
CIMP	CpG island methylator phenotype
COX	cyclooxygenase
CRC	colorectal cancer
CSC	cancer stem cell
CYP	cytochrome P450
DCA	dichloroacetate
dMMR	DNA mismatch repair system
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
E4BP	eIF4E binding protein
ECM	extracellular matrix
EGFR	endothelial growth factor receptor
EMA	European Medicines Agency
EMT	epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ERK	extracellular-signal regulated kinases
FAD	flavin adenine dinucleotide
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FOLFIRI	fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan
FOLFIRINOX	fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan and oxaliplatin
FOLFOX	fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin
G6PD	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GLS	glutaminase
GLUD	glutamate dehydrogenase
GLUT	glucose transporter
GOT	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
GTP	glutamate pyruvate transaminase
GTP	guanosine-5’-triphosphate
HIF	hypoxia-inducible factor
HK	hexokinase
HRE	hypoxia response element
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
IC50	inhibitory concentration (50%)
IDH	isocitrate dehydrogenase
IGF	insulin-like growth factor
KGDH	α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
LA	α-lipoic acid
LC3B	microtubule-associated protein
LDHA	lactate dehydrogenase A
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCT	monocarboxylate transporter
MDR	multidrug resistant protein
MGMT	O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
MOM	mitochondrial outer membrane
MPC	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier
MSI	microsatellite instable
MSS	microsatellite stable
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
MTD	maximum tolerable dose
MTHFD2	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
MYC	myelocytomatosis
NFκB	nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells
Nrf	nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PARP	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PGC	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator
PDC	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
PDCD4	programmed cell death protein
PDK	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
PEG2	prostaglandin E2
PEG	polyethylene glycol
PET	positron emission tomography
PFK	phosphofructokinase
PHD	prolyl hydroxylase domain protein
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinases
PIP2	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
PIP3	phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
PKM	pyruvate kinase
PPP	pentose phosphate pathway
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RTK	receptor tyrosine kinases
S6K1	p70S6 Kinase 1
S9	supernatant 9000 g,—
SCO	synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase
SLC	solute carrier
SREBP	sterol responsive element binding protein
TAM	tumor associated macrophages
TCA	tricarboxylic acid cycle
Teff cell	effector T cell
TGF	transforming growth factor
TME	tumor microenvironment
TIGAR	TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
Treg cell	regulatory T cell
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor