Table 3.
The factors influencing project communications management.
| Abbreviation | Criteria | Brief description | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| C1 | Number of stakeholders | Number of stakeholders (internal stakeholders and external stakeholders): People involved in the project, such as project team members, managers as internal stakeholders and customers and supplier as external stakeholderss (Costa and Menichini, 2013). | (Pheng, 2018), (Aaltonen, 2011), (Yang et al., 2014), (Welch and Jackson, 2007), (Lohikoski et al., 2005), (van den Hooff and de Ridder, 2004), (Golabchi, 2012), (Čulo and Skendrovic, 2010), (Hysa and Spalek, 2019), and experts |
| C2 | Organizational size | Organizational size is given as the number of employees at any defined geographical location. | Experts |
| C3 | Culture | Value norms and beliefs (PMBOK, 6th version, 2017) | (Buckley et al., 2009), (Sluyts et al., 2011), (Mesly, 2015); (Wang et al., 2016), (Zwikael, 2009). (Rubenstein-Montano et al., 2001), (Ankrah et al., 2009), (Zakaria, 2017) (Meyer, 2015), (Cardon, 2008), (Kittler et al., 2011), (Warner-Søderholm, 2013), (Manoj Ray and Samuel, 2016), (Hofstede, 1984), (Roudias, 2015), (Goettsch, 2014), (Lückmann and Färber, 2016). experts |
| C4 | Communication Variety | Formal and informal communications | (Hysa and Spalek, 2019), (Kandlousi et al., 2010), (Kraut et al., 1990), (Litterst and Eyo, 1982), (Pullin, 2010), (Pheng, 2018). (Bond-Barnard et al., 2013), (Reed and Knight, 2010), (Daim et al., 2012) |
| C5 | Organizational structure | Task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims. determines how information flows between levels within the company (Perumal and Bakar, 2011; Pheng, 2018) | (Fairhurst and Putnam, 2004), (Pheng, 2018), (Daim et al., 2012), (Mavuso and Agumba, 2016), (Steinheider and Al-Hawamdeh, 2004) (Remidez and Jones, 2012), (Perumal and Bakar, 2011), (Pinto and Pinto, 1990), (Griffin and Hauser, 1992) |
| C6 | Geographical dispersion | A geographically dispersed team, refers to a group of individuals who work together from different geographic locations and rely on communication technology (Lipnack and Stamps, 2000). | (Lee-Kelley, 2006), (Lipnack and Stamps, 1999), (Adenfelt and Lagerström, 2006), (van den Hooff and de Ridder, 2004), (Han and Beyerlein, 2016), (Hill et al., 2009), (Eisenberg et al., 2019) and experts |
| C7 | Technology | Contains any communication device, software, hardware, internet network, mobile phones, satellite systems and so on, also the various services and appliance with them. | (Perumal and Bakar, 2011), (Meid, 2015), (Mancini and Ferruzzi, 2016), (van den Hooff and de Ridder, 2004), (Marion et al., 2016), (Hysa and Spalek, 2019), (Pivec and Maček, 2019), (Ankrah et al., 2009) and experts |
| C8 | Communication tool | A wide variety of communication tools are used for external and internal communication. communication, face-to-face communication is one and online-based communication is another. These tools include telephones,mail, email, cell phones, computers, social networking, daily standup meetings, timely status reports, correspondence and etc. (Kataria et al., 2013) |
(Berggreen and Kampf, 2015), (Reed and Knight, 2013), (Lee-Kelley and Sankey, 2008), (Rai and Rai, 2014). (Manoj Ray and Samuel, 2016), (Rozman et al., 2017), and experts |
| C9 | Skill | Technical skills and leadership skills, project management skills, personal skills (Zavadskas et al., 2008) | (Guffy, 2007), (Merrier, 2005), (Pant and Baroudi, 2008), (Čulo and Skendrovic, 2010), (Perumal and Bakar, 2011), (Welch, 2015), (Henderson, 2008), (Brill et al., 2006) (Alam et al., 2010), (Brill et al., 2006), and experts |
| C10 | Participation (engagement) | Share knowledge and information, develop understanding, enhance engagement which promotes accountability and transparency (Mavuso and Agumba, 2016) | (Mavuso and Agumba, 2016) (Pinto and Pinto, 1990), and experts |
| C11 | Leadership | Style of leadership, An effective leader will be able to adapt a style or combination of styles of leadership to suit the circumstances. Any one of the styles might be effective in the right situation (Zulch, 2014) | (Campbell, 2011), (Zulch, 2014), (Bergman et al., 2014), (Stevenson and Starkweather, 2010), (Heldman, 2011), (Steyn, 2012), (Walt et al., 1996), (Clutterbuck and Hirst, 2002), and experts |
| C12 | Knowledge | Know how to communicate in the most effective way to meet the information and communication needs of stakeholders | (Alavi and Leidner, 2001), (Boyatzis, 1982), (Andersson, 2016), (Macnamara and Zerfass, 2012) and experts |
| C13 | Levels of providing information | Different stakeholders may have different expectations about the format and time of the received information. A balance between providing adequate and timely information and stakeholder needs and the formats in which the information is published (Pheng, 2018) | (Aiyewalehinmi, 2013), (Pheng, 2018), (Pinto and Pinto, 1990), (Naqvi and Aziz, 2011) |
| C14 | Trust | Building trust in stakeholder relationship, trust is accompanied with collaboration, information sharing, and effective resolution of issues (Roudias, 2015) | (Decker, 2015), (Daim et al., 2012), (Hakanen and Soudunsaari, 2012), (Furnell and Scott, 2014), (Brewer and Strahorn, 2012), (Roudias, 2015), (Pullin, 2010), (Dreesen et al., 2016), (Strahorn et al., 2017), (Francisco de Oliveira and Rabechini, 2019) |
| C15 | Nationality and ethnicity | Nationality is a legal relationship between an individual person and a state. Ethnicity is the identification of a person with a particular racial, cultural, or religious group. | Experts |
| C16 | Infrastructure | In communication planning, the existing technology infrastructure should be available to facilitate the dissemination in project organizations. Appropriate infrastructure should be defined based on the level of project team dispersion (Pheng, 2018; Muszyńska, 2018). |
(Pheng, 2018), (Pullin, 2010), and experts |
| C17 | Updating the plan | As the plan is being implemented, effectiveness of the tactics should be continually evaluated and any appropriate revisions should be made (Pheng, 2018). | (Pheng, 2018), and experts |
| C18 | Implementing the communication plan | Experts |