Table 10.

Subgroup analysis and forest plot of elongation at break (%) studies.

Study or Subgroup	With Filler Particle			Without Filler Particle			Weight	Std. Mean Difference
	Mean	SD	Total	Mean	SD	Total		IV, Random, 95% CI
1.3.1 NANO
Shakir (2018) 0.25%–2%TiO2	1462.71	120.0	10	1431.17	56.9	10	10.1%	0.32 [−0.56, 1.21]
Kareem (2018) 0.5%ZrS	994.74	84.02	10	770.93	59.35	10	9.9%	2.95 [1.60, 4.29]
Kareem (2018) 1.5%ZrS	1424.4	81.72	10	770.93	59.35	10	8.4%	8.76 [5.61, 11.92]
Kareem (2018) 1%ZrS	1229.09	30.63	10	770.93	59.35	10	8.2%	9.29 [5.96, 12.62]
Zayed (2014) 3% SiO2	754.8	4.06	21	590.0	3.18	21	3.1%	44.34 [34.36, 54.32]
Mohammad (2019) 1% Y2O2	569.0	0.5	10	515.9	0.33	10	0.3%	120.05 [78.53, 161.58]
Mohammad (2019) 1.5% Y2O2	574.0	0.5	10	515.9	0.33	10	0.2%	131.36 [85.92, 176.79]
Subtotal (95% CI)			81			81	40.1%	14.65 [8.69, 20.61]
Heterogeneity: Tau² = 43.04; Chi² = 183.03, df = 6 (P < 0.00001); I² = 97%
Test for overall effect: Z = 4.82 (P < 0.00001)
1.3.2 MICRO
Azeez (2018) 1.5% Ag Zn	312.9	8.96	10	342.5	9.22	10	9.8%	−3.12 [−4.51, −1.73]
Alsamaraay (2017) 1%Nylon	203.52	23.02	10	270.69	21.43	10	9.9%	−2.89 [−4.22, −1.56]
Azeez (2018) 1% Ag Zn	319.9	6.1	10	342.5	9.22	10	9.9%	−2.77 [−4.07, −1.47]
Azeez (2018) 0.5% Ag Zn	327.9	6.31	10	342.5	9.22	10	10.0%	−1.77 [−2.84, −0.70]
Jebur (2018) 0.25%PF	216.9	10.86	10	213.33	43.33	10	10.1%	0.11 [−0.77, 0.99]
Jebur (2018) 0.5%PF	220.55	11.19	10	213.33	43.33	10	10.1%	0.22 [−0.66, 1.10]
Subtotal (95% CI)			60			60	59.9%	−1.64 [−2.89, −0.38]
Heterogeneity: Tau² = 2.11; Chi² = 38.76, df = 5 (P < 0.00001); I² = 87%
Test for overall effect: Z = 2.56 (P = 0.01)
Total (95% CI)			141			141	100.0%	2.78 [0.66, 4.90]
Heterogeneity: Tau² = 11.37; Chi² = 282.87, df = 12 (P < 0.00001); I² = 96%
Test for overall effect: Z = 2.57 (P = 0.01)
Test for subgroup differences: Chi² = 27.44, df = 1 (P < 0.00001), I² = 96.4%