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. 2020 Jul 3;9(7):1613. doi: 10.3390/cells9071613

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Impact of epigenetic changes in gene expression and related therapeutic agents. (A) DNA methylation promoted by DNA-methyltransferases (DNMT) accompanies transcriptional inhibition. (B) Histone methylation is promoted by histone methyltransferases (HMT) and leads to chromatin condensation than can either repress or activate transcription. This process is reversed by histone demethylases (HMD). (C) Histone acetylation, promoted by histone acetyltransferases (HAT) enzymes, is associated with the opening of the chromatin mass and the onset of transcription, while deacetylation, promoted by histone deacetylases (HDAC), does the opposite.