Table 2.
Formulations, principal flammability parameters and derived synergistic effectivities for tungstate/zinc stannate/ATO-bromine-containing formulations in PA66.
| Sample | Composition (%) | Flammability Parameters | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PA66 | MC * | PolyBrFR | UL-94 *** | LOI, Vol.% | Es(LOI) | PHRR, kW/m2 | TSR m2/m2 | RPHRR % | Es(RPHRR) | |
| PA66 | 100 | - | - | F | 22.6 | - | 1644 | 609 | - | - |
| BrPS | 90 | - | 10 | V-2/V-2/F | 22.9 | - | 1049 | 1821 | 36.2 | - |
| BrPBz | 90 | - | 10 | V-2 | 22.3 | - | 1206 | 1447 | 26.6 | - |
| AlW ** | 95 | 5 | - | V-0/V-2/F | 23.0 | - | 1156 | 927 | 29.7 | - |
| SnW ** | 95 | 5 | - | F/F/V-2 | 21.5 | - | 954 | 939 | 42.0 | - |
| ZnW ** | 95 | 5 | - | F | 22.0 | - | 1190 | 638 | 27.6 | - |
| AlW-BrPS | 85 | 5 | 10 | V-2/V-2/F | 23.3 | 1 | 999 | 1789 | 39.2 | 0.60 |
| AlW-BrPBz | 85 | 5 | 10 | F/F/V-2 | 22.3 | 0 | 1174 | 1246 | 28.6 | 0.51 |
| SnW-BrPS | 85 | 5 | 10 | V-2 | 26.7 | >1 | 546 | 1973 | 66.8 | 0.85 |
| SnW-BrPBz | 85 | 5 | 10 | F/F/V-2 | 26.7 | >1 | 802 | 1766 | 51.2 | 0.75 |
| ZnW-BrPS | 85 | 5 | 10 | V-2 | 26.2 | >1 | 485 | 949 | 70.5 | 1.11 |
| ZnW-BrPBz | 85 | 5 | 10 | V-2/V-2/V-0 | 28.5 | >1 | 896 | 1186 | 45.5 | 0.84 |
| PA66 **** | 100 | - | - | F | 24.5 | - | 1359 | 569 | - | - |
| BrPS **** | 85.1 | - | 14.9 | V-2 | 23.8 | - | 1056 | 1730 | - | - |
| BrPBz **** | 85.9 | - | 14.1 | V-2 | 23.9 | - | 990 | 1490 | 27.1 | - |
| ZnS-BrPS **** | 77.8 | 7.3 | 14.9 | V-1 | 26.7 | >1 | 354 | 1473 | 74.0 | 1.20 |
| ATO-BrPS **** | 79.0 | 6.1 | 14.9 | V-2 | 31.0 | >1 | 562 | 2794 | 58.6 | 0.88 |
| ZnS-BrPBz **** | 78.6 | 7.3 | 14.1 | V-0 | 28.5 | >1 | 163 | 969 | 88.0 | 1.32 |
| ATO-BrPBz **** | 79.8 | 6.1 | 14.1 | V-2 | 31.9 | >1 | 584 | 2707 | 57.0 | 0.80 |
Notes: BrPS = brominated polystyrene; BrPBz = poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate); AlW, SnW and ZnW = aluminium, tin (II) and zinc tungstates respectively; * MC indicates each metal compound; ** values from [16]; *** a single rating indicates that all three test results achieved that value, otherwise individual test values given; F = fail; **** values reworked from [14], where PolyBrFR concentrations are equivalent to 10 wt.% Br; PHRR is peak heat release; TSR is total smoke release; RPHRR % is the percentage reduction in peak heat release rate, PHRR, with respect to PA66; Es(LOI) and Es(RPHRR) are synergistic effectivities based on LOI and RPHRR values respectively.