Figure 8.

Example of various powder-based 3D-printed fluidic applications. (a) SLM 3D-printed capillary liquid chromatography, (0.9 mm inner diameter. × 60 cm length). Reproduced with permission from [195]; (b) thin glass tubing 3D-printed by SLM 3D-printing process. Reproduced with permission from [123]; (c) SLS 3D-printed graphite composite-based bipolar plates, channel width—1.5 mm and depth—1.5 mm. Reproduced with permission from [197]; (d) bio-inspired flow field designs 3D-printed by SLS 3D-prining process, land width of 1.0 mm. Reproduced with permission from [121]; (e) stainless steel flow field plates 3D-printed by SLM 3D-printing process, channel size 500 μm. Reproduced with permission from [196].