Table 1.
Year | Key Developments |
---|---|
1984 | Invention of stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing (Charles Hull) |
1986 | Invention of the selective laser sintering (SLS) process (Carl Deckard) |
1988 | Bioprinting by 2D micro-positioning of cells and the first commercial SLA 3D printer (Charles Hull) |
1989 | Patenting of a fused deposition modelling (Lisa and Scott Crump) |
1999 | First 3D-printed organ—a bladder—used for transplantation (Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine) |
2000 | EnvisionTEC launched the first commercial extrusion-based bioprinter, the 3D-Bioplotter |
2002 | First early stage kidney prototype bioprinted via microextrusion (Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine) |
2003 | First inkjet bioprinter (modified HP standard inkjet printer) |
2005 | Founding of RepRap, an open source initiative to build a 3D printer that can print most of its own components |
2007 | Selective laser sintering printer becomes available, for 3D parts fabrication from fused metal/plastic |
2008 | First 3D-printed prosthetic leg |
2009 | First 3D-printed blood vessels (Organovo) |
2012 | First 3D-printed jaw |
2014 | First 3D-printed human liver tissue (Organovo), and first desk-top bioprinter (Allevi) |
2015 | First implanted 3D-printed bioresorbable scaffold for periodontal repair (University of Michigan) |
2018 | First commercial 3D-printed full human tissue (skin) model Poieskin (Poietis) |
2019 | First 3D-printed heart that contracts, with blood vessels (University of Tel Aviv) and 3D-printed lung air-sac with surrounding blood vessels (Volumetric) |
2020 | 3D printer for personalized medicine M3DIMAKER (FabRx) |
Adapted from GlobalData, “The history of 3D printing”, Carlos Gonzales, ASME, and [3].