Table 3.
Age, sex, HIV status, and education-adjusted effect of CCRT vs. no CCRT intervention on performance in respective Neurocognitive Test Batteries.
| LS Means (SE) | β (95% CI) | Effect Size | p-Value | Adj.R2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCRT | No CCRT | |||||
| WHO UCLA Learning Tests (# Correct) | ||||||
| Immediate Recall (trials 1–5) | 9.94 (0.20) | 9.60 (0.20) | 0.33 (−0.29, 0.86) | 0.25 | 0.243 | 0.46 |
| Interference List Recall (trial 6) | 5.44 (0.28) | 5.72 (0.27) | −0.28 (−1.02, 0.46) | −0.16 | 0.407 | 0.25 |
| Post Interference List Recall (trial 7) | 10.1 (0.35) | 9.1 (0.35) | 1.00 (0.02, 1.98) | 0.43 | 0.046 | 0.30 |
| Delayed Recall (trial 8) | 10.2 (0.36) | 9.2 (0.35) | 1.04 (0.06, 2.02) | 0.47 | 0.038 | 0.41 |
| Word Recognition (trial 9) | 13.7 (0.32) | 13.6 (0.32) | 0.09 (−0.50, 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.841 | 0.12 |
| Digit Span Test (# correct) | ||||||
| Short term auditory memory/simple attention | 4.5 (0.19) | 4.8 (0.19) | −0.36 (−0.88, 0.17) | −0.29 | 0.186 | 0.34 |
| Short-term verbal memory | 4.4 (0.24) | 4.01 (0.25) | 0.45 (−0.21, 1.12) | 0.29 | 0.116 | 0.18 |
| Overall score | 8.76 (0.35) | 8.72 (0.34) | 0.03 (−0.91, 0.97) | 0.01 | 0.949 | 0.34 |
| Color Trails (time, s) | 99.5 (9.7) | 112.9 (9.7) | −13.4 (−39.8, 14.0) | −0.21 | 0.327 | 0.05 |
| Finger Tapping Test (time, s) | 38.1 (0.85) | 37.3 (0.87) | 0.83 (−1.6, 3.2) | 0.15 | 0.498 | 0.05 |
| Grooved Peg Board (time, s) | ||||||
| Grooved Pegboard NDH | 0.06 (0.11) | −0.12 (0.12) | 0.18 (−0.16, 0.51) | 0.24 | 0.296 | 0.45 |
| Grooved Pegboard DH | 0.07 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.11) | 0.21 (−0.07, 0.50) | 0.32 | 0.143 | 0.51 |
| Verbal Fluency | ||||||
| Verbal Fluency (Tot. Correct) | 13.4 (0.85) | 12.2 (0.91) | 1.25 (−0.09, 2.58) | 0.38 | 0.068 | 0.21 |
| Timed Gait (time, s) | 11.4 (0.52) | 12.1 (0.52) | −0.65 (−2.1, 0.83) | −0.20 | 0.401 | 0.15 |
| Symbol Digit Modality (# correct) | 24.5 (1.9) | 26.3 2.0) | −1.78 (−4.74, 1.19) | −0.25 | 0.239 | 0.63 |
| Frailty score | 1.98 (0.35) | 2.09 (0.38) | −0.12 (−0.74, 0.50) | −0.09 | 0.714 | 0.22 |
| Quality of Life Score | 72.1 (2.6) | 74.7 (2.8) | −2.64 (−6.7, 1.4) | −0.28 | 0.206 | 0.50 |
Estimates shown are age, sex, education and baseline score adjusted for each outcome measure in separate linear regression models. Measures of association (effect size and p-value for test of mean differences by intervention group) are shown for overall sample (regardless of HIV-status). Statistically significant differences and differences with corresponding effect size >|0.30| are bolded. Given the small sample size, we interpret potential clinical relevance using a combination of statistical significance and differences in ES of |0.3| which corresponds to at least a moderate effect per literature on patient-reported outcomes. ES differences of ≤|0.2| are considered ‘small’. # = number.