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. 2020 Jul 20;9(7):2299. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072299

Table 5.

Current treatment for sicca-related manifestations.

Salivary Gland Involvement Lachrymal Gland Involvement Skin and Vaginal Mucosa Involvement
Self-Care
  • -

    Environment humidification

  • -

    Elimination of offending drugs

  • -

    Avoidance of caffeine, alcohol

  • -

    Avoidance of tobacco

  • -

    Excellent oral hygiene

  • -

    Limit acidic and sugar intake

  • -

    Limit eating between meals

  • -

    Chew xylitol-containing gum
  • -

    Environment humidification

  • -

    Elimination of offending drugs

  • -

    Excellent ocular hygiene
Conserve
  • -

    Scleral contact lenses
Replace
  • -

    Salivary substitutes
  • -

    Artificial tears

  • -

    Liposomal spray

  • -

    Autologous serum drops
  • -

    Vaginal lubricants

  • -

    Topical oestrogen
Stimulate
  • -

    Mechanical stimulants (gums)

  • -

    Pilocarpine PO

  • -

    Pilocarpine mouthwash

  • -

    Cevimeline PO

  • -

    Choleretic (anetholtrithione)

  • -

    Mucolytic (NAC, bromhexine)

  • -

    Electrostimulation
  • -

    Pilocarpine 5 mg q6h PO

  • -

    Pilocarpine eye drops

  • -

    Cevimeline 30 mg q8h

  • -

    Lid hygiene with hot pad

  • -

    Diquafosol eye drops (Japan)

  • -

    Rebamipide eye drops (Japan)
  • -

    Pilocarpine 5 mg q6h PO

  • -

    Cevimeline 30 mg q8h
Complications Prevention and Management
  • -

    Fluoride mouthwash

  • -

    Chlorhexidine mouth bath

In case of candida infection
  • -

    Oral nystatin

  • -

    Fluco-/Itraconazole

In case of glands swelling
  • -

    Exclude stone or infection

  • -

    Massaging major glands
  • -

    NSAID or glucocorticoid drops

  • -

    Calcineurin inhibitors drops

  • -

    Lifitegrast eye drops

  • -

    Botulinium toxin treatment

  • -

    Corneal grafting

  • -

    Doxycycline PO