Table 3.
Comparison of changes in outcome from baseline at each measuring point between the MSAT and control groups.
| Day 2 | Day 5 | Discharge | 90 Days f/u | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRS score for neck pain | ||||
| MSAT 1 | 0.86 (0.64, 1.09) | 2.18 (1.76, 2.60) | 2.34 (1.89, 2.79) | 4.15 (3.73, 4.57) |
| Control 1 | 0.08 (−0.15, 0.31) | 1.40 (0.98, 1.82) | 1.86 (1.41, 2.31) | 4.02 (3.59, 4.45) |
| Group*days 2 | −0.56 (−1.01, −0.10) | −1.05 (−1.57, −0.53) | −0.25 (−0.86, 0.35) | 0.10 (−0.42, 0.61) |
| p-value | 0.047 * | 0.001 * | 0.4896 | 0.755 |
| NRS score for arm pain | ||||
| MSAT 1 | 0.31 (0.07, 0.55) | 0.82 (0.28, 1.36) | 1.36 (0.83, 1.90) | 1.91 (1.33, 2.49) |
| Control 1 | 0.21 (−0.02, 0.45) | 0.52 (−0.03, 1.07) | 1.10 (0.57, 1.63) | 2.78 (2.18, 3.37) |
| Group*days 2 | −0.89 (−1.66, −0.12) | −0.81 (−1.49, −0.12) | −1.05 (−1.74, −0.36) | 0.07 (−0.49, 0.63) |
| p-value | 0.059 | 0.054 | 0.0134 * | 0.825 |
| VAS score for neck pain | ||||
| MSAT 1 | 0.96 (0.68, 1.23) | 2.03 (1.65, 2.41) | 2.32 (1.82, 2.82) | — |
| Control 1 | 0.21 (−0.06, 0.49) | 0.88 (0.50, 1.25) | 1.93 (1.43, 2.43) | — |
| Group*days 2 | −0.53 (−1.04, −0.02) | −0.94 (−1.49, −0.39) | −0.17 (−0.86, 0.51) | — |
| p-value | 0.088 | 0.005 * | 0.676 | — |
| VAS score for arm pain | ||||
| MSAT 1 | 0.30 (0.05, 0.56) | 0.65 (0.26, 1.05) | 1.33 (0.81, 1.86) | — |
| Control 1 | 0.18 (−0.08, 0.43) | 0.62 (0.23, 1.01) | 1.22 (0.70, 1.75) | — |
| Group*days 2 | −0.96 (−1.74, −0.17) | −0.86 (−1.56, −0.15) | −0.94 (−1.64, −0.24) | — |
| p-value | 0.047 * | 0.046 * | 0.029 * | — |
| NDI | ||||
| MSAT 1 | — | 5.16 (3.73, 6.59) | 6.17 (4.29, 8.04) | 16.16 (14.24, 18.07) |
| Control 1 | — | 3.66 (2.24, 5.08) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) |
| Group*days 2 | — | −1.72 (−3.92, 0.48) | −0.17 (−2.49, 2.14) | 1.11 (−0.60, 2.82) |
| p-value | — | 0.197 | 0.901 | 0.284 |
| ROM of flexion | ||||
| MSAT 1 | −9.58 (−11.21, −7.96) | −12.63 (−14.95, −10.31) | −14.35 (−16.74, −11.96) | — |
| Control 1 | −0.92 (−2.53, 0.69) | −6.00 (−8.29, −3.70) | −9.37 (−11.74, −7.00) | — |
| Group*days 2 | 7.59 (4.51, 10.66) | 5.55 (2.80, 8.31) | 3.90 (1.39, 6.41) | — |
| p-value | 0.000 * | 0.001 * | 0.011 * | — |
| ROM of extension | ||||
| MSAT1 | −8.44 (−10.56, −6.32) | −14.77 (−17.84, −11.69) | −18.14 (−21.29, −14.98) | — |
| Control 1 | −3.37 (−5.47, −1.27) | −7.41 (−10.44, −4.37) | −11.45 (−14.58, −8.32) | — |
| Group*days 2 | 4.31 (0.74, 7.89) | 6.60 (2.97, 10.23) | 5.93 (2.60, 9.26) | — |
| p-value | 0.048 * | 0.003 * | 0.004 * | — |
| ROM for right rotation | ||||
| MSAT 1 | −15.42 (−17.94, −12.90) | −26.07 (−29.61, −22.53) | −29.93 (−34.14, −25.73) | — |
| Control 1 | −2.24 (−4.74,0.25) | −7.85 (−11.36, −4.35) | −13.77 (−17.95, −9.58) | — |
| Group*days 2 | 10.93 (6.13,15.73) | 15.98 (10.91, 21.04) | 13.93 (8.28, 19.57) | — |
| p-value | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | — |
| ROM for left rotation | ||||
| MSAT 1 | −14.69 (−16.92, −12.45) | −26.08 (−29.45, −22.70) | −30.16 (−34.10, −26.23) | — |
| Control 1 | −1.94 (−4.15, 0.27) | −8.91 (−12.25, −5.56) | −15.97 (−19.89, −12.06) | — |
| Group*days 2 | 10.84 (6.29, 15.38) | 15.26 (10.60, 19.91) | 12.28 (7.13, 17.42) | — |
| p-value | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | — |
| ROM for right lateral flexion | ||||
| MSAT 1 | −6.98 (−8.44, −5.52) | −15.48 (−18.01, −12.96) | −16.06 (−18.65, −13.47) | — |
| Control 1 | −0.41 (−1.85, 1.04) | −6.38 (−8.87, −3.89) | −11.03 (−13.58, −8.47) | — |
| Group*days 2 | 4.75 (2.04, 7.45) | 7.28 (4.30, 10.26) | 3.21 (−0.01, 6.43) | — |
| p-value | 0.004 * | <0.001 * | 0.101 | — |
| ROM for left lateral flexion | ||||
| MSAT 1 | −6.77 (−8.18, −5.36) | −14.20 (−16.72, −11.69) | −15.71 (−18.28, −13.14) | — |
| Control 1 | −1.22 (−2.62, 0.17) | −6.36 (−8.84, −3.88) | −11.78 (−14.32, −9.25) | — |
| Group*days 2 | 5.28 (2.68, 7.87) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) | 3.66 (0.44, 6.88) | — |
| p-value | 0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.062 | — |
| EQ-5D | ||||
| MSAT 1 | — | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.02) | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.04) | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.16) |
| Control 1 | — | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) | 7.57 (4.38, 10.76) |
| Group *days 2 | — | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) |
| p-value | — | 0.841 | 0.925 | 0.553 |
Notes: The outcomes were analyzed using a linear mixed model according to the intention-to-treat principle. The dashes indicate that outcome measurements were not administered. The outcome measurements at the 14-day follow-up have been excluded because they were similar to the discharge outcomes. 1 mean (95% confidence interval). Least-square mean change from baseline on each day. 2 mean (95% confidence interval). Differences in least-square mean changes between the two groups on each day. (*) Statistically significant (p < 0.05).Abbreviations: MSAT, motion style acupuncture treatment; f/u, follow-up; NRS, numeric rating scale; VAS, visual analog scale; ROM, range of motion; NDI, neck disability index; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 Dimension; PGIC, patient global impression of change.