Table 3.
Main characteristics of the interventions.
| Study | Group Interventions | Intensity | Session Duration | Intervention Duration | Outcome | Measuring Instrument | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gil-Agudo et al. 2012 [7] | CG: Conventional physical therapy, IG: Toyra® VR system | 3 times/week | 30 min | 5 weeks | Upper limb range of motion, motor function and strength. Functional performance | BI, FIM, NHPT, JTT, MI, SCIM | No significant differences were found between groups after intervention, except for JHFT subtest 5 (p = 0.00) |
| Dimbwadyo-Terrer et al. 2013 [11] | CG: Conventional physical therapy, IG: Toyra® VR system | 4 times/week | ND | 3 weeks | Upper limb range of motion and motor function. Functional performance | FIM, MI, MB, SCIM | No significant differences were found between groups after intervention |
| D’Addio et al. 2014 [6] | CG: Conventional physical therapy, IG: Nintendo Wii | 3 times/week | ND | 12 weeks | Posture and balance. Functional performance | BBS, Romberg, posturographic analysis, SCIM | Significant results between groups were found in all parameters: BBS (p = 0.02); Romberg (p = 0.03); posturography (p = 0.03 & p = 0.04); SCIM (p = 0.02) |
| Dimbwadyo-Terrer et al. 2016 (a) [2] | CG: Conventional physical therapy, IG: Toyra® VR system | 3 times/week | 30 min | 3 weeks | Upper limb motor function. Functional performance | MMT, MI, FIM, =SCIM, BI |
No significant differences were found between groups after intervention. At follow-up only MMT was statistically improved (p = 0.04) |
| Dimbwadyo-Terrer et al. 2016 (b) [34] | CG: Conventional physical therapy, IG: VR system + CiberTouch™ data glove | 2 times/week | 30 min | 2 weeks | Upper limb motor function. Functional performance | MB, NHPT, JTT, SCIM. | No significant differences were found between groups after intervention |
| Khurana et al. 2017 [35] | CG: Conventional physical therapy focused in balance training, IG: Sony Play Station 2 + Eye Toy | 5 times/week | 45 min | 3 weeks | Balance. Functional performance | mFRT, t-shirt test, SCIM | Significant results between groups were found in: mFRT scores (p = 0.01); t-shirt test (p = 0.01) scores, and in the self-care component of SCIM (p = 0.01) |
| Prasad et al. 2018 [36] | CG: Conventional physical therapy, IG: Nintendo Wii | 3 times/week | 60 min | 2 weeks | Upper limb dexterity and motor function. Functional performance | CUE, BBT, WHOQOL-BREF, SCIM | No significant differences were found between groups after intervention |
BBS: Berg balance scale; BBT: box and block test; BI: Barthel index; CG: control group; CUE: capabilities of upper extremity; FIM: functional independence measure; IG: intervention group; JTT: Jebsen Taylor hand function test; MB: muscle balance; mFRT: modified functional reach test; MMT: manual muscle test; MI: motricity index; ND: not described; NHPT: nine hole peg test; SCIM: spinal cord independence measure; VR: virtual reality; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization quality of life-BREF.