Table 4.
Results of path analysis (direct effects)-schematic presentation.
| Factor/Scale | ANX | DEP | PCS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (AGE) | ↑ | ↑ | ns |
| Women (WOM) | ↑ | ↑ | ns |
| Married (MRD) | ns | ns | ns |
| University education (EDU) | ns | ↓ | ns |
| Current smokers (CSM) | ns | ↑ | ↑ |
| Ex-smokers (EXS) | ns | ns | ↑ |
| Overweight (OVW) | ↓ | ↓ | ns |
| Obesity I (OBI) | ns | ns | ns |
| Obesity II and III (OBS) | ns | ns | ↑ |
| Low alcohol consumption (LAC) | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| High alcohol consumption (HAC) | ns | ns | ns |
| Number of comorbidities (COM) | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| PNI | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| ISI | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| ANX | ↑ | ||
| DEP | ↑ |
ns: not significant; ↑: positive relationship; ↓: negative relationship. PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PNI: Pain Intensity as measured by numeric rating scale for the previous seven days; ANX: anxiety as measured by General Well-being Schedule; DEP: depression as measured by General Well-being Schedule; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index.