Table 1.
Patients’ Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Stratified by Adherence to PSOR (N = 2421)
| Mean (SD)/N (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Adherent (n = 2114) | Nonadherent (n = 307) | P * |
| Age (years) | 66.6 (11.1) | 66.0 (9.8) | 0.190 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 (4.5) | 26.3 (4.7) | 0.036 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 7.5 (6.0) | 7.3 (5.9) | 0.639 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 132.3 (18.2) | 129.6 (17.7) | 0.007 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 69.9 (10.6) | 69.4 (10.4) | 0.530 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.4 (1.6) | 7.1 (1.3) | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.5 (0.9) | 0.948 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.058 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8) | 0.152 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.5 (0.7) | 0.163 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 86.1 (38.4) | 83.3 (39.2) | 0.062 |
| Presenting VA in better eye (logMAR) | |||
| Presenting VA in worse eye (logMAR) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.001 |
| Female | 1111 (52.6) | 160 (52.1) | 0.903 |
| Race | |||
| Malay | 159 (7.5) | 19 (6.2) | 0.222 |
| Indian | 235 (11.1) | 46 (15.0) | |
| Chinese | 1670 (79.0) | 234 (76.2) | |
| Others | 50 (2.4) | 8 (2.6) | |
| DR severity | |||
| No DR | 1362 (64.4) | 258 (84.0) | 0.001 |
| Mild DR | 376 (17.8) | 30 (9.8) | |
| Moderate DR | 245 (11.6) | 9 (2.9) | |
| Severe DR | 105 (5.0) | 7 (2.3) | |
| Proliferative DR | 26 (1.2) | 3 (1.0) | |
| DME | 345 (16.3) | 13 (4.2) | 0.001 |
| Glaucoma | 270 (12.8) | 9 (2.9) | 0.001 |
| AMD | 203 (9.6) | 9 (2.9) | 0.001 |
| Cataract | 608 (28.8) | 35 (11.4) | 0.001 |
| Other eye condition | 590 (27.9) | 26 (8.5) | 0.001 |
| Two or more eye conditions | 490 (23.2) | 23 (7.5) | 0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 1843 (87.3) | 268 (87.6) | 1.000 |
| Anticholesterol medication use | 1817 (86.1) | 271 (88.6) | 0.248 |
| Antidiabetic medication use | 1669 (79.1) | 225 (73.5) | 0.031 |
*
Mann-Whitney U test or the Fisher's exact test. Bold indicates statistically significant results (P < 0.05).