Table 2.
Exosomal miRNAs implicated in drug resistance or treatment efficacy.
| Exosome-Secreted miRNAs | Drug | Expression Level | Donor Cell | Recipient Cell | Activity | Target Gene(s) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-134 | 17-AAG, PU-H71 | Decreased | MCF-7/Resistant | MCF-7/Sensitive | Reduced cell proliferation, invasion, migration and increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis | STAT5B, Hsp90, Bcl-2 | [137] |
| miR-221/222 | Tamoxifen | Increased | MCF-7/Resistant | MCF-7/Sensitive | Increased tamoxifen resistance | p27, ERalpha | [136] |
| miR-222 | Adriamycin | Increased | MCF-7/Resistant | MCF-7/Sensitive | Gained adriamycin-resistance when transfected with miR-222 mimics, lost resistance with miR-222 inhibitors | N/A | [135] |
| miR-423-5p | Cisplatin (DDP) | Increased | MDA-MB-231 | MCF-7, SKBR3 | Increased cell proliferation, migration, and cisplatin resistance | P-gp | [134] |
| miR-503 | Epirubicin, Paclitaxel | Decreased | HUVEC | MDA-MB-231 | Suppressed tumor cell proliferation and invasion | CCND2*, CCND3 | [138] |
| miR-567 | Trastuzumab | Decreased | N/A | SKBR3/R, BT474/R | Inhibits autophagy, reverses chemoresistance | ATG5* | [132] |
| miR-770 | Doxorubicin (DOX) | Decreased | MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 | MDA-MB-231, THP-1 | Increased doxorubicin sensitivity and induced apoptosis; suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion | STMN1* | [139] |
| miR-1246 | Docetaxel (DTX), Epirubicin (EPI), Gemcitabine (GEM) | ND | MDA-MB-231 | HMLE | Increased cell apoptosis after treatment with DTX, EPI, and GEM | CCNG2* | [121] |
* Indicates validation with luciferase assay and 3’ UTR of the reported target gene. N/A: not applicable (not determined); BC: breast cancer; EVs: extracellular vesicles; CSC: cancer stem cell.