Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of AMI-CS stratified by the timing of IHD.
| Characteristic | Early IHD (n = 50,235) |
Mid-Term IHD (n = 36,227) |
Late IHD (n = 26,886) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74.2 ± 12.5 | 73.5 ± 12.3 | 71.8 ± 11.8 | <0.001 | |
| Female sex | 45.4 | 43.5 | 39.1 | <0.001 | |
| Race | White | 63.9 | 63.6 | 60.9 | <0.001 |
| Black | 6.1 | 6.5 | 7.2 | ||
| Others a | 30.1 | 29.9 | 31.9 | ||
| Primary payer | Medicare | 73.7 | 72.6 | 70.9 | <0.001 |
| Medicaid | 4.3 | 5.3 | 7.0 | ||
| Private | 15.0 | 15.6 | 16.6 | ||
| Others b | 6.9 | 6.5 | 5.5 | ||
| Quartile of median household income for zip code | 0–25th | 22.1 | 22.2 | 22.1 | <0.001 |
| 26th–50th | 26.3 | 26.7 | 23.9 | ||
| 51st–75th | 25.6 | 24.2 | 25.4 | ||
| 75th–100th | 26.0 | 26.9 | 28.5 | ||
| Hospital teaching status and location | Rural | 10.9 | 8.6 | 4.9 | <0.001 |
| Urban non-teaching | 44.8 | 44.5 | 40.9 | ||
| Urban teaching | 44.3 | 47.0 | 54.2 | ||
| Hospital bed size | Small | 9.7 | 8.5 | 6.9 | <0.001 |
| Medium | 25.8 | 24.7 | 21.1 | ||
| Large | 64.5 | 66.9 | 72.0 | ||
| Hospital region | Northeast | 18.5 | 18.0 | 19.5 | <0.001 |
| Midwest | 22.4 | 21.8 | 20.0 | ||
| South | 38.3 | 40.1 | 39.0 | ||
| West | 20.7 | 20.1 | 21.5 | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0–3 | 17.0 | 14.4 | 13.8 | <0.001 |
| 4–6 | 59.7 | 58.1 | 60.6 | ||
| ≥7 | 23.4 | 27.5 | 25.5 | ||
Legend: Represented as percentage or mean ± standard deviation; a Hispanic, Asian, Native American, others; b uninsured, no charge, others. Abbreviations: AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CS: cardiogenic shock; IHD: in-hospital death.