Table 3.
Estimation of the average direct effect (ADE) of serum uric acid levels and average causal mediation effect (ACME) through endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) availability on parameters of microvascular remodeling. The average causal mediation effect (ACME) is the indirect effect of SUA on the outcomes through the mediator variables after controlling for Heart Score effect. The average direct effect (ADE) represents the direct effect exclusively explained by SUA on the remodeling indices.
| Dependent Variable |
Mediator | Metric | Estimate | 95% CI Lower | 95% CI Upper | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/L ratio | Endothelial Function (Ach) |
ACME | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.43 | <0.01 |
| ADE | 0.08 | −0.05 | 0.21 | 0.22 | ||
| Total Effect | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.52 | <0.01 | ||
| M/L ratio | NO Availability |
ACME | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.48 | <0.01 |
| ADE | 0.02 | −0.13 | 0.17 | 0.80 | ||
| Total Effect | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.52 | <0.01 | ||
| MCSA | Endothelial Function (Ach) |
ACME | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.43 | <0.01 |
| ADE | 0.01 | −0.16 | 0.17 | 0.94 | ||
| Total Effect | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.45 | <0.01 | ||
| MCSA | NO Availability |
ACME | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.48 | <0.01 |
| ADE | −0.05 | −0.24 | 0.14 | 0.60 | ||
| Total Effect | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0.45 | <0.01 | ||
| Unstandardized effects were computed after bootstrapping with 1000 replicates | ||||||