Table 1.
Characteristics of selected case control studies in detail.
| Author | Year | Design | Population | Cases | Controls | Age Range | PD Assessment | Subtype | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Talam-ini [35] | 2000 | case control | Italy | 112 | 125 | 60 (median) | Self-reported gum bleeding | OSCC | 2.4 (1.5–3.8) |
| Garrote [32] | 2001 | case control | Cuba | 150 | 171 | 28–91 | Self-reported gum bleeding | OC/OPC | 2.03 (0.66–6.25) |
| Balaram [37] | 2002 | case control | India | 307 | 291 | 56 (22–85) M | Self-reported gum bleeding | OC | 2.83 (1.71–4.68) |
| Balaram [37] | 2002 | case control | India | 248 | 290 | 58(18–87) F | Self-reported gum bleeding | OC | 3.35 (1.82–6.15) |
| Rosenq-uist [31] # | 2005 | case control | Sweden | 132 | 320 | Ca:33–87/ Co:33–89 |
Alveolar bone loss | O/OPSCC | 1.7 (0.5–5.8) |
| Tezal [29] # | 2007 | case control | USA | 51 | 54 | 54.6 ± 15.9 | Alveolar bone loss | Oral tumor | 5.23 (2.64–10.35) |
| Rezende [36] # | 2008 | case control | Brazil | 50 | 50 | >40 | CPITN | O/OPSCC | 9.33 (3.60–24.17) |
| Tezal [30] # | 2009 | case control | USA | 266 | 207 | Ca:56.89 ± 11.73/ Co:54.00 ± 15.45 |
Alveolar bone loss | HNSCC | 4.36 (3.16–6.01) |
| Moergel [26] # | 2013 | case control | Germany | 178 | 123 | 60 (mean) | Mean bone loss | OSCC | 2.4 (1.5–3.8) |
| Chang [33] | 2013 | case control | Taiwan | 317 | 296 | Ca-54.6/ Co 53.1 |
Self-reported gum bleeding | HNSCC | 3.15 (1.36–7.28) |
| Eliot [38] | 2013 | case control | USA | 513 | 567 | Nil | Self-reported periodontal disease | HNSCC | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) |
| ARCA-GE [34] | 2014 | case control | Europe | 1963 | 1993 | Ca-59.8 ± 10.1/ Co-59.8 ± 11.8 |
Self-reported Gum bleeding | Aerodigestive tract | 1.15 (0.81–1.63) |
| INHA-NCE [28] | 2016 | case control | Multi-centric | 2672 | 2634 | 15–80 | Self-reported Gum disease | HNSCC | 1.98 (1.68, 2.35) |
| Moraes [27] # | 2016 | case control | Brazil | 35 | 40 | Ca: 55.1 ± 8.4/ Co:55.4 ± 9.4 |
Severity of periodontal diseasemeasured by probe | O/OPC | 10.9 (1.9–61.2) |
| Laprise [24] # | 2016 | case control | India | 306 | 328 | Ca-60 ± 10.8/ Co-59.2 ± 11.3 |
Gingival recession | OSCC | 1.74 (1.15–2.62) |
| Mazul [25] | 2017 | case control | USA | 212 | 321 | 20–80 | Self-reported tooth mobility | OC | 1.58 (1.05–2.37) |
| Shin [39] # | 2019 | case control | Korea | 146 | 278 | Ca:63.8/Co:64.4 | Alveolar bone loss | OSCC | 4.066 (1.499 to 11.026) |
Abbreviations: OC—Oral Cancer, OSCC—Oral Squamous cell carcinoma, OPC—Oropharyngeal cancer, HNSCC—Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, OPSCC—Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; ARCAGE—Alcohol-related cancers and genetic susceptibility in Europe, INHANCE—International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium; # Included in meta-analysis.