Table 3.

Time-course change in the psoas major muscle area.

Treatment Group (n = 6 Per Group)	Sum of Cross-Sectional Area Bilateral Psoas Major Muscle (cm2)	Day 1 (Baseline)	Day 7	Day 14
Non-treated control	Mean ± SD	0.023 ± 0.001	0.024 ± 0.002	0.025 ± 0.002
Anamorelin	Mean ± SD	0.025 ± 0.001	0.025 ± 0.001	0.026 ± 0.001
	p value (vs control)	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
5-ALA	Mean ± SD	0.025 ± 0.002	0.025 ± 0.002	0.026 ± 0.002
	p value (vs control)	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
GC alone	Mean ± SD	0.023 ± 0.002	0.018 ± 0.001	0.018 ± 0.002
	p value (vs control)	n.s.	0.022	0.002
GC plus anamorelin	Mean ± SD	0.024 ± 0.002	0.022 ± 0.002	0.023 ± 0.001
	p value (vs GC alone)	n.s.	0.004	0.002
GC plus 5-ALA	Mean ± SD	0.025 ± 0.002	0.019 ± 0.002	0.019 ± 0.003
	p value (vs GC alone)	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
	p value (multiple comparison for six treatment groups)	n.s.	<0.0001	<0.0001

SD = standard deviation; 5-ALA = 5-aminolevulinic acid; GC = combined chemotherapy of gemicitabine and cisplatin; p values are based on the comparison of the values at each treatment time point relative to the non-treated control group or GC alone group with using multiple comparison (the Kruskal-Wallis test) and the post hoc test (Dunn test).