Table 1.
Mechanisms implicated in the antimicrobial antagonisms of M. pulcherrima clade strains.
| Mechanism 1,2 | Strains | References |
|---|---|---|
| Iron immobilisation by pulcherrimin production | 02.4.3.38, 02.11.1.21, 7.3.37, 17.1.IV, 17.3.1, 152, 160, 192, 2305, 446, 523, 648, APC 1.2, CBS 610NT, FL01, MACH1, MPR3, Msp50, Msp51, UMY12, UMY14, UMY15 | [6,7,8,9,10,11,17,21,71,72,73] |
| Competition for nitrogen source | 2.33, 4.4 | [74] |
| Competition for carbon source | Anonymous | [31] |
| Chitinase secretion | AP47, FL01, MACH1, NCYC 3728 (PBC-2) | [11,75,76] |
| Chitinase gene up-regulation | 277 (CBS 8853) | [61] |
| DNAse secretion | PO1C004 | [26] |
| Release of volatile compound(s) | FL01, MPR3 | [10,64] |
| Release of ethyl acetate | Disva 267 | [77] |
| Biofilm formation | FL01, MPR3, six anonymous strains | [10,11] |
| Adherence to plant surface | FL01 | [73] |
| Adherence to fungal hyphae | FL01, FL02 | [64] |
| Increased ROS production | 277 (CBS 8853) | [78] |
| Induction of increased ROS production in plant tissue | 277 (CBS 8853) | [78,79,80] |
| Unknown, independent of pulcherrimin production | NCYC 3728 (PBC-2), snf2 | [17,75] |
| Unknown | KIOM_G15050 | [27] |
1 Experimentally verified or hypothesized on the basis of correlation with antagonistic effect. 2 May not be the main or the sole mechanism.