| List of Abbreviations: | Full Name: |
| α-SMA | α- smooth muscle actin |
| ADT | Androgen-deprivation therapy |
| AR | Androgen Receptor |
| ASPN | Asporin |
| BCR | Biochemical recurrence |
| BM | Bone metastasis |
| BMPs | Bone morphogenetic proteins |
| BPH | Benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| CAFs | Cancer-associated fibroblasts |
| CD | Cluster of designation antigens |
| CRPC | Castration-resistant prostate cancer |
| CXCL | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand |
| CXCR | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| EMT | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
| EVs | Extracellular vesicles |
| FAP | Fibroblast activation protein |
| FGFs | Fibroblast growth factors |
| FSP-1 (also known as S100A4) | Fibroblast-specific protein-1 |
| GDF15 | Growth differentiation factor 15 |
| HGF | Hepatocyte growth factor |
| HSCs | Hematopoietic stem cells |
| IGFs | Insulin-like growth factors |
| ILs | Interleukins |
| MFBs | Myofibroblasts |
| MMPs | Matrix metalloproteinases |
| OB-BMST | Osteoblastic bone metastasis-associated stroma transcriptome |
| PCa | Prostate cancer |
| PDGFR | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor |
| PIA | Proliferative inflammatory atrophy |
| PIN | Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia |
| POSTN | Periostin |
| PSA | Prostate-specific antigen |
| ROS | Reactive-oxygen species |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor -β |
| TGFβRII | TGF-β receptor type II |
| TIMPs | Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases |
| TME | Tumor microenvironment |
| TNC | Tenascin C |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |