Figure 1.

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infects and replicates in human monocyte derived dendritic cells and expresses PtpA. (A) Human moDCs were exposed to MAP and harvested at 24 h intervals for 72 h. Cell lysates were plated on MAP culture media and the colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted, after 8 weeks of growth. Error bars are the mean ± SEM of n = 3 DC blood donors analyzed in triplicate. (B) moDCs were processed and imaged for the protein phosphatase PtpA (green) and MAP (red), at 24 and 48 h post-exposure to MAP. Images representative of experiments using n = 3 independent DC blood donors. (C) Phagocytosis index expressed in percentages of n = 300. Scale bar = 20 µm