Figure 1.

Major classes of proteins present at the C. albicans cell wall. Cytoplasmic preproteins that possess signal peptide pass the classical secretory route and emerge at the cell surface as “typical” cell wall proteins that are covalently anchored via three major linkages―GPI, ASL and RAE―but can also exist as loosely associated with the cell wall polysaccharide skeleton. In contrast, “atypical” proteins, despite the lack of a signal for the classical secretion pathway, appear at the cell wall due to an unconventional secretion or re-adsorption. Those that take on new functions at the cell surface are called moonlighting proteins.