Table 1.
Medical and tissue engineering hyaluronic acid (HA) applications.
| Tissue | Application | Principal Products/Devices | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cartilage | Osteoarthritis | Synvisc ®, injectable solution, (Hyalan G-F20, Sanofi, USA) |
[44] |
| Osteoarthritis | Hyalgan®, injectable solution (Fidia, Italy) | [45,46,47] | |
| Osteoarthritis | Supartz®, injectable solution (Seikagaku, Japan) | [48] | |
| Osteoarthritis | Orthovisc® and Monovisc®, injectable solutions (Anika, USA) | [49,50] | |
| Osteoarthritis | Durolane®, injectable solution, (Smith and Nephew, USA) |
[51] | |
| Osteoarthritis | HYADD® (Fidia, Italy), injectable solution | [52] | |
| Osteoarthritis | HA-Chitlac®, injectable solution | [53,54,55] | |
| Cartilage regeneration | Hyaff11® (Fidia, Italy), non-woven meshes | [56,57] | |
| Ocular tissues | Surgical aid in ophthalmic interventions | Healon®, solution (Abbott, USA) | [59,60] |
| Tear supplement | Systane®, (Alcon, USA) | [63,64,65] | |
| Tear supplement | Optive Fusion™, (Allergan, USA) | [63,64,66] | |
| Skin | Skin substitutes | Hyaff11®-non woven meshes (FIDIA, Italy;) |
[78,79] |
| Skin Substitute | HA-chondroitin sulphate, nanofibrous scaffold |
[88] | |
| HA methacrylated gel | [89] | ||
| Wound healing devices | Cross-linked chitosan-HA-based hydrogels | [91] | |
| HA-corn-starch-propolis film dressing | [82] | ||
| HA-Fe+-based, hydrogel | [83] | ||
| HA-sodium alginate hydrogel | [84] | ||
| HA-polycaprolactone/EGF, nanofibrous scaffold |
[87] | ||
| HA solubilized amnion membrane | [90] | ||
| Vascular tissue | Vascular substitute | Hyaff11® tubes (FIDIA, Italy) | [93,94] |
| HA-chitosan biofilm | [92] | ||
| HA-gelatin hydrogel | [102] | ||
| HA-PTFE hydrogel | [100] | ||
| HA-titanium | [101] | ||
| Catechol-conjugated HA hydrogel | [103] | ||
| Adipose tissue | Tissue substitute | Hyaff-11® non-woven meshes (Fidia, Italy) |
[125,126] |
| HA-dexamethasone hydrogel | [127,128] | ||
| HA-collagen hydrogel | [129,130] | ||
| HA-collagen-elastin-based gelatin | [131] | ||
| Peripheral Nerve | Assisted Regeneration devices | HA/collagen composed conduits | [113] |
| HA/chitosan composed conduits | [114] | ||
| HA/chitosan injectable hydrogel | [115] | ||
| HA/PLGA/poly-L-lysine based hydrogel | [116,117] | ||
| PEDOT-HA-gelatin matrix | [118] |