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. 2020 Jul 2;8(7):991. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8070991

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Zoonotic mode of transmission of MERS-CoV. The three routes of transmission (camel-to-camel, camel-to-human, and human-to-human) were confirmed. The prevalence of MERS-CoV in domestic animals in-contact with camels was recently identified [43]. As depicted by the dotted line, bat-to-camel and bat-to-human direct transmission of MERS-CoV have not been confirmed. Human-to-human transmission of the virus occurs after close contact with an infected case in households and healthcare settings (red arrows).