Table 1.

Summary of ROS Functions and Effects on Immune Cells.

Cell	Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species	References
Leukocytes	Recruitment to inflamed tissues	[10,11,12,13,70,71]
Phagocytes	Recognition and engulfment of damaged cells	[14]
	Pathogen killing and damaged cells clearance	[15]
Neutrophils	Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NET) formation	[16]
	Cytotoxic activity	[72,73,74,75]
Macrophages	Inflammasome activation	[3,4]
	Polarization	[17,18,76,77]
	Tregs recruitment	[71]
NK cells	NK cells-mediated cytolysis	[19]
	Suppression of NK functions	[70,78,79,80,81,82]
	Induction of apoptosis	[79,83]
DCs	Differentiation from precursors	[20]
	Maturation	[84]
	Antigen cross-presentation	[21,85,86,87]
T cells	Activation	[22,23,27,28,29]
	Differentiation	[30,31]
	Inhibition	[33,37,38,78,88,89,90,91]
	Apoptosis	[32,34]
B cells	Activation and differentiation	[24,25]
	Pathogen elimination by antibodies production	[26]
Tregs	Accumulation in oxidative microenvironment	[92]
	T-reg mediated suppression	[35,36,93]
MDSCs	MDSC-mediated immunosuppression	[39,40,41,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101]
	Maintenance of MDSCs phenotype	[102,103]