Table 1.

Univariate characteristics for prematurely born infants with and without moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death

Infant characteristics	No BPD/mild BPD (n = 300)	Moderate or severe BPD/death (n = 246)	p-Value
Sex (male)	167 (55.5)	147 (60.0)	0.40
Ethnicity
Hispanic	32 (14.3)	27 (11.0)	0.14
Non-Hispanic	212 (70.4)	191 (78.0)
Unknown	46 (15.3)	27 (11.0)
Race
White	158 (52.5)	122 (50.0)	0.43
Black	68 (22.6)	67 (27.3)
Other	75 (25.0)	56 (22.9)
Mean gestational age (wk)	29.5 ± 1.5	26.0 ± 2.2	<0.0001
Mean Birth Weight (g)	1374.4 ± 383.5	875.9 ± 295.7	<0.0001
1-min Apgar’s score)	6 (IQR = 4–8)	4 (IQR = 2–6)	<0.0001
5-min Apgar’s score)	8 (IQR 7–9)	7 (IQR 5–8)	<0.0001
Mode of delivery
C-section (scheduled)	18 (6.0)	9 (3.7)	0.05
C-section (Unscheduled)	175 (58.1)	140 (57.1)
Vaginal birth	86 (28.6)	88 (35.9)
Unknown	22 (7.3)	8 (3.3)
Maternal characteristics
Multiple gestations	96 (31.9)	64 (26.1)	0.14
Intrapartum infection	35 (11.6)	31 (12.7)	0.71
Diabetes	37 (12.3)	27 (11.0)	0.65
Hypertension	35 (11.6)	28 (11.4)	0.94
Amniotic fluid			0.54
Polyhydramnios	5 (1.7)	3 (1.2)	0.28
Oligohydramnios	11 (3.7)	16 (6.5)
Normohydramnios	285 (94.6)	226 (92.2)
Intrauterine growth restriction	25 (8.3)	20 (8.2)	0.95
Maternal steroids	215 (71.4)	180 (73.5)	0.60
Delivery characteristic
Neonatal intubation	105 (34.9)	195 (80.0)	<0.0001
Meconium at delivery	4 (1.3)	10 (4.1)	0.06
Chest compressions	9 (3.0)	27 (11.0)	<0.001
Reason for admission
Respiratory failure	222 (73.8)	201 (82.0)	0.02
Sepsis evaluation	176 (58.5)	155 (63.3)	0.25
Hypoglycemia	28 (9.3)	14 (5.7)	0.12
HIE	5 (1.7)	8 (3.3)	0.22
AKI	53 (17.6)	128 (52.2)	<0.0001

Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; HIE, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Note: Data in table are presented as the number with the percentage (n [%]) in parenthesis, or as the mean ± standard deviation (SD).