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. 2020 Aug 6;19:120. doi: 10.1186/s12943-020-01238-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Possible targets harnessing NK cells in cancer therapy. In order to obtain better clinical efficacy and reduced severe adverse events, the development of NK cell-based therapies that support NK cell maintenance (a), enhance NK cell function (b) and harness abnormal immunometabolic and intracellular microenvironment (c) is essential. rhIL-12/15/18, recombinant human interleukin-12/15/18; CAR-iPS, chimeric antigen receptor-induced pluripotent stem cell; MIC: MHC I chain related molecule; MICA, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A; MICB, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B; PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1;scFv, single-chain variable fragment; TSA, tumor specific antigen; BiKE, bispecific killer cell engager; TriKE, trispecific killer engager; CAR-NK, chimeric antigen receptor-nature kill; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; MerTK, MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase; 27HC, 27-hydroxycholesterol; GLUT1, glucotransporter 1; MCT1, monocarboxylate transporter 1