Table 3.
Binary logistic regression models for malnourished/ at malnutrition risk % vs. normal- nourishment on personal and health characteristics
| Measures | Model 1 OR (95% CI) |
P | Model 2 OR (95% CI) |
P | Model 3 OR (95% CI) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio demographic indicators | ||||||
| Age (year) | 1.141 (1.012–1.264) | 0.003 | 1.119 (0.236–1.176) | 0.326 | ||
| Children (number) | 1.307 (0.786–2.150) | 0.311 | ||||
| Gender (male vs female) | 0.863 (0.544–1.324) | 0.445 | ||||
| Marital status (single vs married) | 1.520 (1.205–2.224) | 0.034 | 1.368 (0.538–1.714) | 0.213 | ||
| Education | 0.003 | 0.313 | ||||
| Primary/middle school vs Illiterate | 0.868 (0.564–1.076) | 0.164 | 0.814 (0.564–1.345) | 0.283 | ||
| High school vs Illiterate | 0.643 (0.334–0.867) | 0.008 | 0.589 (0.378–1.410) | 0.628 | ||
| University vs Illiterate | 0.346 (0.233–0.762) | 0.003 | 0.416 (0.264–1.360) | 0.071 | ||
| Financial dependency (independent vs dependent) | 0.748 (0.486–0.903) | 0.001 | 0.625 (0.233–0.938) | 0.010 | ||
| Family Income | 0.002 | 0.437 | ||||
| Inadequate vs Adequate | 1.148 (1.034–1.956) | < 0.001 | 1.223 (0.628–1.719) | 0.684 | ||
| Almost enough vs Adequate | 1.082 (0.854–2.231) | 0.732 | 1.218 (0.769–1.648) | 0.763 | ||
| Live with | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Alone vs Spouse | 1.153 (1.021–2.063) | 0.001 | 1.249 (1.105–2.620) | < 0.001 | ||
| Children vs Spouse | 2.156 (1.455–3.487) | < 0.001 | 1.611 (1.112–2.328) | < 0.001 | ||
| Health status | ||||||
| Physical disabilities number | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| One vs none | 1.118 (0.124 ± 1.156) | 0.641 | 1.213 (0.735 ± 2.248) | 0.515 | ||
| Two vs none | 1.107 (0.923 ± 1.172) | 0.387 | 1.183 (0.649 ± 2.543) | 0.528 | ||
| ≥ Three vs none | 2.320 (2.115 ± 3.151) | < 0.001 | 2.183 (1.246 ± 3.250) | < 0.001 | ||
| Daily drug intake number | 1.136 (0.668–1.319) | 0.362 | ||||
| Self-rated healthy | < 0.001 | 0.356 | ||||
| Not sure vs not healthy | 0.825 (0.543–1.150) | 0.186 | 0.821 (0.438–1.129) | 0.424 | ||
| Like others vs not healthy | 0.712 (0.446–0.931) | 0.017 | 0.642 (0.421–1.262) | 0.231 | ||
| Better than others vs not healthy | 0.628 (0.333–0.928) | < 0.001 | 0.586 (0.159–1.322) | 0.121 | ||
| Chronic disease number | 2.254 (1.346–3.540) | < 0.001 | 2.148 (1.167–2.879) | < 0.001 | ||
| Smoking status (yes vs no) | 1.437 (0.790–2.258) | 0.132 | ||||
| MMSE (normal cognition vs low cognition) | 0.440 (0.231–0.892) | < 0.001 | 0.456 (0.293–0.934) | < 0.001 | ||
| ADL (Independent vs Dependent) | 0.576 (0.343–0.948) | < 0.001 | 0.536 (0.327–0.976) | < 0.001 | ||
| IADL | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Moderate vs Dependent | 0.558 (0.352–0.876) | < 0.001 | 0.782 (0.352–0.879) | 0.042 | ||
| Independent vs Dependent | 0.332 (0.215–0.748) | < 0.001 | 0.319 (0.194–0.856) | < 0.001 | ||
| Frailty | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Pre frail vs frail | 0.735 (0.174–1.027) | 0.057 | 0.698 (0.328–1.137) | 0.079 | ||
| Normal vs frail | 0.320 (0.231–0.868) | < 0.001 | 0.253 (0.117–0.729) | < 0.001 | ||
1. model 1: logistic regression analysis between poor nutritional status and personal characteristics; 2. model 2: relationship between health status and impaired nutritional status; 3. model 3: adjusted for all the variables that were significantly associated on previous models
Abbreviations: MMSE mini-mental state examination, ADL Activities of Daily Living, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living