Table 2.

Associations of participant characteristics with adverse drug reactions

Characteristics	N (%) with Adverse Drug Reactions, n=536	Incidence Ratea		Unadjusted Model			Adjusted Model
		Incidence Rate	[95% Confidence Interval]	Hazard Ratio	[95% Confidence Interval]	P Value	Hazard Ratio	[95% Confidence Interval]	P Value
Age, yr						0.10			0.10
<60	113 (16)	13.2	[9.9 to 17.6]	Reference			Reference
60–75	271 (19)	15.2	[12.5 to 18.5]	1.25	[1.00 to 1.56]		1.06	[0.84 to 1.34]
≥75	152 (17)	14.0	[10.9 to 18.0]	1.08	[0.85 to 1.38]		0.85	[0.65 to 1.11]
Sex						0.08			0.04
Men	332 (17)	13.2	[11.1 to 15.7]	Reference			Reference
Women	204 (19)	16.6	[13.4 to 20.6]	1.17	[0.98 to 1.39]		1.21	[1.01 to 1.45]
Educational level						0.09			0.99
High	179 (16)	13.0	[10.2 to 16.5]	Reference			Reference
Low	357 (18)	15.2	[12.8 to 17.9]	1.17	[0.97 to 1.40]		1.00	[0.83 to 1.21]
eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2						<0.001			<0.001
≥30	244 (15)	10.8	[8.9 to 13.2]	Reference			Reference
<30	292 (21)	19.4	[16.2 to 23.2]	1.74	[1.47 to 2.07]		1.56	[1.30 to 1.87]
Serum albumin, g/dl						0.06			0.31
≥3.5	476 (17)	13.9	[12.0 to 16.0]	Reference			Reference
<3.5	60 (20)	19.7	[12.9 to 29.9]	1.38	[1.00 to 1.90]		1.19	[0.85 to 1.65]
UACR, mg/g						0.06			0.90
<30	139 (16)	13.1	[10.0 to 17.1]	Reference			Reference
30–300	165 (17)	12.9	[10.0 to 16.7]	1.09	[0.85 to 1.39]		0.95	[0.75 to 1.22]
>300	232 (19)	16.6	[13.5 to 20.4]	1.29	[1.03 to 1.62]		1.00	[0.79 to 1.27]
Anemiab						<0.001			0.06
Without anemia	287 (16)	12.3	[10.3 to 14.8]	Reference			Reference
With anemia	249 (20)	17.7	[14.6 to 21.5]	1.45	[1.23 to 1.72]		1.19	[0.99 to 1.42]
Diabetes						0.01			0.78
Without diabetes	274 (16)	12.1	[10.0 to 14.7]	Reference			Reference
With diabetes	262 (20)	17.4	[14.4 to 21.0]	1.31	[1.10 to 1.55]		1.03	[0.85 to 1.24]
AKI history						<0.001			0.01
Without AKI history	379 (16)	12.9	[11.0 to 15.2]	Reference			Reference
With AKI history	157 (22)	19.4	[15.0 to 25.1]	1.48	[1.21 to 1.81]		1.32	[1.08 to 1.61]
Cardiovascular history						<0.001			0.03
Without cardiovascular history	215 (15)	11.3	[9.1 to 14.0]	Reference			Reference
With cardiovascular history	321 (20)	17.2	[14.6 to 20.4]	1.42	[1.19 to 1.69]		1.24	[1.02 to 1.50]
Hypertension						0.06			0.71
Without hypertension	38 (13)	9.4	[5.4 to 16.1]	Reference			Reference
With hypertension	498 (18)	14.9	[13.0 to 17.1]	1.37	[0.99 to 1.91]		1.07	[0.76 to 1.51]
Baseline no. of drugs per patient						<0.001			0.01
<5	62 (10)	7.5	[5.0 to 11.2]	Reference			Reference
5–10	301 (18)	13.9	[11.6 to 16.7]	1.86	[1.41 to 2.44]		1.50	[1.12 to 2.02]
>10	173 (9)	21.7	[17.3 to 27.3]	2.59	[1.93 to 3.46]		1.71	[1.21 to 2.41]
Adherence to medication						<0.001			0.01
Good	158 (14)	10.7	[8.3 to 13.7]	Reference			Reference
Poor	378 (20)	16.7	[14.3 to 19.6]	1.52	[1.26 to 1.83]		1.36	[1.12 to 1.64]

P values used the Wald chi-squared test for global variable effect. UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio.

^aIncidence rates are expressed per 100 person-years.

^bAnemia is defined by the 1968 World Health Organization (51) definition: <12 g/dl for women and <13 g/dl for men.