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Summary of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.
| Phenomenon | Aging Effect |
|---|---|
| mtDNA release | ↑ |
| Mitophagy | ↓ |
| Fission | ↓ |
| Fusion | ↑ |
| ∆ψm | ↓ |
| Proton leak | ↑ |
| mtROS production | ↑ |
∆ψm: mitochondrial membrane potential. mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA. mtROS: mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.
