Table 1.

MRI findings in acute and chronic WNV neuroinvasive disease. Italic structures are also abnormal in AD, and bold structures are abnormal in PD

Acute vs chronic	Time after illness onset	MRI findings	Ref.
Acute	1–30 days, 113 cases combined	T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the thalami, basal ganglia (i.e., substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, putamen), temporal lobes, parieto-occipital region, temporo-parietal region, fronto-parietal region, insula, hippocampus, periventricular white matter, corona radiata, internal capsule, corticospinal tracts, cerebellum, corpus callosum, pons	[7, 19–36]
Chronic	2 months, 1 case	Temporal lobes, basal ganglia, internal capsule posterior limb, and corona radiata	[37]
Chronic	5 months, 1 case	Periventricular and subcortical white matter of the bilateral frontal lobes, basal ganglia and thalami. Generalized volume loss all levels of cortex	[38]
Chronic	Average of 4 years, 30 subjects	Cortical thinning: frontal, temporal and limbic cortices (i.e., posterior cingulate cortex, superior and inferior frontal cortices, medial-orbito frontal region, anterior cingulate cortex, cuneus, parahippocampal region, middle and inferior temporal cortex, supramarginal region, insular cortex). Also atrophy of: cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, basal ganglia.	[14]