Table 2.
Prevalence (95% CIs) and temporal trends of presarcopenia in the NHANES from 1999 to 2006
| Characteristics | 1999–2000 (n=3550) | 2001–2002 (n=3987) | 2003–2004 (n=3745) | 2005–2006 (n=3062) | P value for trend* |
| Overall | 16.4 (15.3 to 17.6) | 16.4 (14.0 to 19.1) | 17.9 (16.2 to 19.7) | 14.8 (13.0 to 16.8) | 0.78 |
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 22.7 (20.3 to 25.2) | 19.7 (15.9 to 24.2) | 21.2 (18.8 to 23.7) | 12.3 (10.6 to 14.3) | 0.36 |
| Women | 20.0 (17.9 to 22.3) | 21.4 (17.7 to 25.5) | 23.0 (19.8 to 26.6) | 17.7 (14.9 to 20.9) | 0.20 |
| P for sex | 0.45 | 0.23 | 0.23 | <0.001 | |
| Age group | |||||
| 18–39 years | 11.3 (9.1 to 14.0) | 13.5 (10.6 to 17.0) | 14.9 (12.8 to 17.3) | 14.1 (11.8 to 16.8) | 0.04 |
| 40–59 years | 15.1 (12.9 to 17.5) | 12.1 (9.9 to 14.7) | 14.2 (11.6 to 17.2) | 12.9 (11.0 to 15.2) | 0.25 |
| 60–79 years | 22.3 (19.0 to 26.1) | 23.7 (18.7 to 29.6) | 23.6 (20.3 to 27.2) | 17.7 (14.4 to 21.5) | 0.38 |
| ≥80 years | 45.1 (38.7 to 51.6) | 40.1 (31.8 to 49.0) | 42.0 (36.2 to 48.0) | 0.64 | |
| P for age group | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.05 | |
| Race | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 22.8 (21.3 to 24.5) | 20.5 (17.5 to 23.9) | 22.9 (20.3 to 25.6) | 15.9 (13.8 (18.3) | 0.84 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 6.2 (4.2 to 8.9) | 10.8 (7.2 to 15.8) | 8.6 (5.8 to 12.5) | 20.6 (13.0 to 31.1) | <0.001 |
| Mexican American | 20.5 (17.3 to 24.3) | 20.9 (16.4 to 26.2) | 20.9 (17.1 to 25.3) | 14.9 (11.7 to 18.8) | 0.54 |
| Others | 22.3 (15.1 to 31.6) | 31.0 (23.1 to 40.2) | 32.7 (26.6 to 38.0) | 6.9 (5.0 to 9.6) | 0.13 |
| P for race | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Education level, | |||||
| <High school graduate | 20.7 (17.5 to 24.4) | 21.1 (14.9 to 28.9) | 22.7 (19.1 to 26.7) | 16.6 (13.3 to 20.5) | 0.34 |
| High school graduate or GED | 21.3 (18.2 to 24.7) | 22.0 (17.6 to 27.1) | 21.2 (19.0 to 23.5) | 14.0 (11.6 to 16.8) | 0.47 |
| ≥College | 21.6 (19.2 to 24.4) | 19.4 (16.5 to 22.7) | 22.3 (18.9 to 26.1) | 14.4 (12.3 to 16.8) | 0.59 |
| P for education | 0.88 | 0.22 | 0.57 | 0.50 | |
| Annual household income | |||||
| <US$25 000 | 23.0 (20.0 to 26.3) | 24.5 (18.5 to 31.7) | 26.2 (23.5 to 29.2) | 15.3 (12.5 to 18.6) | 0.51 |
| US$25 000–US$55 000 | 19.7 (16.7 to 23.2) | 20.9 (17.0 to 25.4) | 22.1 (18.2 to 26.5) | 14.3 (11.6 to 17.4) | 0.77 |
| >US$55 000 | 18.5 (15.1 to 22.6) | 15.4 (11.4 to 20.4) | 16.9 (13.1 to 21.5) | 14.9 (12.5 to 17.7) | 0.94 |
| P for income | 0.17 | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.80 | |
| Time spent watching TV per day | |||||
| <2 hours | 23.0 (17.6 to 29.5) | 21.1 (18.4 to 24.2) | 19.7 (14.8 to 25.7) | 14.3 (11.2 to 18.1) | 0.48 |
| 2–4 hours | 20.4 (18.8 to 22.2) | 21.5 (17.9 to 25.7) | 23.3 (21.1 to 25.6) | 14.5 (12.0 to 17.3) | 0.76 |
| >4 hours | 24.8 (19.2 to 31.4) | 20.5 (16.3 to 25.6) | 23.5 (18.9 to 28.9) | 13.6 (10.8 to 16.9) | 0.17 |
| P for time spent watching TV | 0.42 | 0.68 | 0.08 | 0.95 | |
| Physical activity level | |||||
| Moderate or below | 20.3 (17.5 to 23.5) | 23.4 (19.2 to 28.1) | 22.2 (18.7 to 26.1) | 14.7 (11.7 to 18.3) | 0.35 |
| Vigorous | 15.2 (12.1 to 18.8) | 15.3 (11.9 to 19.3) | 16.4 (13.1 to 20.4) | 12.7 (9.8 to 16.3) | 0.15 |
| P for physical activity level | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.38 | |
| Body mass index | |||||
| Normal or below (<25 kg/m2) | 50.7 (45.3 to 56.1) | 49.7 (42.1 to 57.3) | 56.4 (50.4 to 62.3) | 41.4 (36.0 to 46.9) | 0.42 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 5.4 (3.8 to 7.8) | 5.9 (4.1 to 8.5) | 7.2 (5.9 to 8.8) | 4.8 (3.4 to 6.7) | 0.08 |
| Obesity (≥30 kg/m2) | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.2) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.9) | – | 0.30 |
| P for body mass index | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Presarcopenia was defined according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry criteria: GED.
P values for the differences between groups in each survey cycle were obtained by the X2 test.
*P value for trend (1999–2006) was calculated by using logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, race, education level, annual household income, time spent watching TV per day and physical activity level.
GED, general equivalency diploma; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TV, television.