Table 4.

Associations of demographics / relationship characteristics, childhood adversities, dating experiences, and psychiatric disorders with marital violence (n=1,515)^a

	Bivariate Models	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4b	Model 5b
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
I. Demographics / relationship characteristics
Husband’s age when first marriedc
young	1.7 (1.1-2.7)*	1.5 (1.0-2.2)*	-	-	-	1.3 (0.8-1.9)
young average	0.7 (0.4-1.3)		-	-	-
old average	1.2 (0.7-1.9)		-	-	-
old	1.0		-	-	-
χ2	χ2(3) 0.0, p=0.92
Highest education level in couple	0.9 (0.6-0.8)	0.7 (0.6-0.9)*	-	-	-	0.8 (0.6-0.9)*
Couple marriage categories
Wife more marriages than husband	2.7 (1.5-4.8)*	2.4 (1.3-4.4)*	-	-	-	1.8 (0.9-3.5)
Husband more marriages than wife	1.1 (0.7-1.8)		-	-	-	χ2(3) 18.6, p<0.001
Both previously married	1.0 (0.4-2.1)		-	-	-
Both in first marriage	1.0		-	-	-
χ2	χ2(3) 11.5, p=0.009*
II. Childhood adversities
Wife - MFF CAs (vs. none)
1 or more	2.3 (1.6-3.4)*	-	2.2 (1.5-3.2)*	-	-	1.8 (1.2-3.7)*
χ2	χ2(1) 17.3, p<0.001
Husband - MFF CAs (vs. none)
1 or more	2.2 (1.5-3.2)*	-	2.1 (1.4-3.1)*	-	-	1.5 (1.0-2.3)
χ2	χ2(1) 14.8, p<0.001					χ2(2) 13.60, p<0.001
III. Dating experiences
Either husband and/or wife ever experienced any violence in any dating relationshipsd
	2.7 (1.8-4.0)*	-	-	2.6 (1.7-3.8)*	-	1.7 (1.2-2.6)*
	χ2(1) 24.6, p<0.001
Early initiation of sexual intercourse for either spousee
	1.7 (1.1-2.6)*	-	-	1.6 (1.1-2.5)*	-	1.3 (0.8-2.0)
χ2	χ2(1) 5.8, p=0.02					χ2(2) 9.40, p=0.009
IV. Psychiatric disorders
Couple mental disorder combination category
Wife internalizingf - husband externalizingg	9.2 (4.6-18.3)*	-	-	-	9.2 (4.6-18.3)*	5.0 (2.5-10.3)*
All other combinations where at least one or both spouses had both (at least one internalizing and at least one externalizing)	4.3 (2.0-9.2)*	-	-	-	4.3 (2.0-9.2)*	3.4 (1.5-7.6)*
All other combinations where at least one spouse had exactly one internalizing or externalizing disorder (but not both)	1.8 (1.1-2.9)*	-	-	-	1.8 (1.1-2.9)*	1.6 (1.0-2.6)
Neither spouse had either	1.0	-	-	-		1.0
χ2	χ2(3) 43.0, p<0.001					χ2(3) 21.80, p<0.001
Model χ2		χ2(3) 36.7, p<0.001	χ2(2) 32.5, p<0.001	χ2(2) 31.0, p<0.001	χ2(3) 43.0, p<0.001	χ2(10) 127.20, p<0.001

Abbreviations: n, number of observed cases of the outcome in the sample, OR, odds ratio, MFF, maladaptive family functioning, CA, childhood adversity

^*Significant at the 0.05 level, two sided test

^aModels were based on weighted data. Each model included dummy variable controls for WMH survey, years the couple was married, and whether or not a person was present during the intervie

^bModels controlled for the wife’s age and husband’s age in addition to those in ^a

^cAge when first married for the husband was categorized into country specific quartiles

^dAny violence is defined as ever being a victim or perpetrator of moderate physical violence in any dating relationships, the reference includes those who did not date before 21

^eWife young (<18) or husband young or young average (<20) years old, compared to all other combinations

^fIrrespective of comorbidity with any externalizing disorders

^gIrrespective of comorbidity with any internalizing disorders