Table 2.

Clinical outcomes

Variable	Score	p-value
VAS for back pain
Preoperative	2.3 ± 2.8
Postoperative	1.8 ± 1.1	NS
VAS for leg pain
Preoperative	7.4 ± 1.3
Postoperative	1.3 ± 0.8	< 0.05
ODI
Preoperative	47.0 ± 12.3
Postoperative 1 month	3.1 ± 4.1	< 0.05
Postoperative 3 months	4.2 ± 8.8	< 0.05
Postoperative 6 months	3.2 ± 7.1	< 0.05
Postoperative 1 year	1.5 ± 2.3	< 0.05

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

VAS, visual analogue scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; NS, not significant.