Fig. 4.

Lateral x-ray views comparing skin incision and landing on the lamina (A, B) and interlaminar space (C, D). (A, B) The inside-out approach landing point is on the L4 lamina. The lamina is represented by a solid curved line and ligament flavum (interlaminar space) by a curved dotted line. The straight dotted line denotes the skin incision. ① starting point of laminectomy, ② endpoint of laminectomy. The landing point of instruments on the lamina will facilitate laminotomy (of cranial lamina) and access directly to the spinal canal at the disc level of interest.