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(A) The process of laminotomy: ① starting point of laminotomy at the spinolaminar junction, ④ caudal lamina= endpoint of laminotomy. (B) The procedure of piecemeal flavectomy (removal of the ligament flavum) follows the same pattern or sequence ① through ④, (C) Early splitting or removal of the ligamentum flavum for early direct access into the spinal canal, to visualize the lateral margin of spinal root. (D) Decompression of traversing root.
