Table 2.

Pneumococcal carriage and phenotypic resistance in children aged 6–59 months, Nouna district, Burkina Faso

	Received an antibiotic, past 3 months (N = 111), n (%)	Did not receive an antibiotic, past 3 months (N = 172), n (%)	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Carriage	32 (28.8)	69 (40.1)	0.56 (0.33–0.93)
Azithromycin resistance*	4 (12.5)	6 (8.7)	1.50 (0.35–5.87)
Oxacillin resistance*†	10/29 (34.4)	14/61 (23.0)	2.24 (0.79–6.44)
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance*†	23/29 (79.3)	45/61 (73.8)	1.67 (0.57–5.39)
Tetracycline resistance*	26 (81.3)	44 (63.8)	2.54 (0.94–7.73)
Clindamycin resistance*	1 (3.1)	4 (5.8)	0.50 (0.02–3.75)

^*Analyses restricted to positive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

^†Oxacillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance was not measured in all study communities; denominators are lower than the overall number of positive isolates.