Table 1:
Demographic, clinical, and basic MRI characteristics in patients with multiple sclerosis with and without leptomeningeal contrast enhancement, according to the method C classification
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics | RR (n = 212) |
SP (n = 32) |
CIS (n = 14) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative for LM CE (n = 179) | Positive for LM CE (n = 33) | P Valuea | Negative for LM CE (n = 27) | Positive for LM CE (n = 5) | P Valuea | Negative for LM CE (n = 13) | Positive for LM CE (n = 1) | P Valuea | |
| Female (No.) (%) | 138 (77.1) | 23 (69.7) | .361 | 22 (81.5) | 4 (80.0) | .938 | 10 (76.9) | 0 (0) | .286 |
| Age (mean) (SD) (yr) | 46.8 (12.4) | 51.3 (9.8) | .047b | 56.8 (8.3) | 60.6 (7.6) | .348 | 43.4 (12.6) | 32.0 (–) | .401 |
| Age of onset (mean) (SD) (yr) | 32.3 (11.5) | 36.6 (9.8) | .045b | 31.4 (10.4) | 40.0 (5.4) | .086 | 37.8 (11.8) | 32.0 (–) | .999 |
| Disease duration, (mean) (SD) (yr) | 14.5 (9.2) | 14.7 (9.1) | .916 | 25.4 (12.9) | 20.8 (5.6) | .441 | 5.4 (6.1) | 0 (–) | .645 |
| EDSS (median) (IQR) | 2.5 (1.5–3.5) | 3.0 (2.0–4.5) | .010b | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 6.5 (3.5–7.5) | .658 | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 1.5 (1.5–1.5) | .999 |
| DMT (No.) (%) | |||||||||
| Interferon | 38 (21.3) | 8 (24.4) | .220 | 3 (11.1) | 1 (20.0) | .845 | 6 (46.2) | 0 (0) | .160 |
| Glatiramer acetate | 29 (16.2) | 6 (18.2) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Natalizumab | 22 (12.3) | 5 (15.2) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | |||
| Rituximab | 3 (1.7) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Fingolimod | 7 (3.9) | 5 (15.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Dimethyl fumarate | 30 (16.8) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Teriflunomide | 7 (3.9) | 1 (3.0) | 6 (22.2) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| IVIG | 6 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | |||
| Other DMTc | 3 (1.7) | 1 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | |||
| Combination | 13 (7.3) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | |||
| No DMT | 19 (10.6) | 4 (12.1) | 9 (33.3) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (30.8) | 0 (0) | |||
| T2-LV (mean) (SD) | 8.86 (10.42) | 16.62 (12.11) | <.001b | 15.19 (17.22) | 14.38 (11.53) | .920 | 5.79 (7.34) | 1.38 (–) | .574 |
| T1-LV (mean) (SD) | 2.55 (4.82) | 5.65 (8.25) | .002b | 5.69 (8.62) | 5.45 (4.62) | .579 | 1.87 (4.01) | 0.25 (–) | .704 |
| Gd-LN (mean) (SD) | 0.15 (0.61) | 0.55 (1.55) | .290 | 1.37 (4.77) | 0 (0) | .725 | 0.31 (0.86) | 1 (–) | .286 |
| Gd-LV (mean) (SD) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.17) | .282 | 0.20 (0.72) | 0 (0) | .725 | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.08 (–) | .286 |
Note:—LN indicates lesion number; –, indicates not available; DMT, disease modifying therapy; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; IQR, interquartile range; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin.
a
P values represent positive and negative LM CE group comparisons. The P values were derived using the χ2 test, Fisher exact test, Student t test, analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.
b
Significant P value < .05.
c
Other DMT therapies included intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, mitoxantrone, and mycophenolate mofetil.