Table 4.

Odds ratios of living in a poor household among 1–17-year-old Puerto Rican-origin children of the householder

Variables/Models	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Dependent variable (household in poverty)
Independent variables
Family migration experience (Ref. no migration in P.R.)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
P.R. migrants	0.98	0.95	1.07	0.98
U.S. no migration	0.32***	0.26***	0.26***	0.17***
U.S. migrants	0.52***	0.46***	0.38***	0.36***
Living arrangements (Ref. 2 married parents)		1.00	1.00	1.00
2 cohabiting parents		5.79***	6.43***	4.69***
One parent, no spouse or partner present		6.97***	7.25***	5.14***
Grandparent presence (Ref. no grandparents)		1.00	1.00	1.00
Grandparent present		0.48***	0.39***	0.39***
Householder educational attainment (Ref. high school or less)			1.00	1.00
Householder has some college			0.50***	0.51***
Householder has a bachelor’s degree or higher			0.14***	0.14***
Householder ability to speak English (Ref. not well or not at all)			1.00	1.00
Householder only speaks English or speaks English very well/well			0.57***	0.57***
Householder work status (Ref. no hours worked in the past week)			1.00	1.00
Householder works part-time (less than 35 h)			0.46***	0.45***
Householder works full-time (35 or more hours)			0.07***	0.07***
Number of children (Ref. one child)			1.00	1.00
Two children			1.53***	1.54***
Three or more children			3.24***	3.29***
Child age (continuous variable 1–17 years)			0.95***	0.95***
Family migration experience and living arrangements interactions
P.R. migrants × 2 cohabiting parents				1.12
P.R. migrants × 1 parent				1.24
U.S. no migration × 2 cohabiting parents				1.97***
U.S. no migration × 1 parent				2.02***
U.S. migrants × 2 cohabiting parents				1.23
U.S. migrants × 1 parent				1.15
Model
Unweighted sample (in thousands)	105	105	105	105
− 2 log-likelihood (in thousands)	2386	2058	1401	1396

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2012–2016 5-year estimates and PRCS 2012–2016 5-year estimates

Statistical significance at 0.05 (*), 0.01 (**), 0.001 (***)