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. 2020 Jul 31;8:891. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00891

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Copyright © 2020 Oliveira, Pieters, Guimarães, Duffles, Heredia, Silveira, Oliveira, Teixeira, Ferreira, Silva, van de Loo and Macari.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of milk extracellular vesicle treatment in the OPG/RANKL axis in serum and femur. Serum levels of (A) osteoprotegerin (OPG), (B) receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), and (C) RANKL/OPG ratio. (D) mRNA expression of Rankl/Opg ratio in the femur. Analyses were performed in mice (i) pseudo-operated (SHAM) or (ii) ovariectomized (OVX), (iii) non-treated (control), or (iv) treated with milk extracellular vesicles (mEVs). Values are means ± SEM of 6–8 animals per group. * vs. respective SHAM group and # vs. non-treated group.