Table 1.

Comparison of several performance metrics of IQ modulators.

	Vπ (V)	3-dB EO bandwidth (GHz)	Length of modulation area (mm)	On-chip loss (dB)	Data rate (Gb/s) (BER)
SOI19	7.5	32	4.5	6.8	360 (2 × 10−2)
InP16,17	1.5	67	~3.6	~2	448 (6.68 × 10−3)
InP18	1.7	43	4	7a	64
GaAs24	3	27	30	<8	150 (1.1 × 10−2)
SOH28	1.6	NA	0.6	8.5b	400 (1.7 × 10−2)
Plasmonic32	8.67	>500	0.015c	11.2	400 (4.5 × 10−2)
Commercial LN51	3.5	35	30~80	NA	256
This work	1.9	~48	13	1.8	320 (8.41 × 10−3)
	3.1	>67	7.5	1.45

NA: not available.

^aThis value was calculated from the 8 dB insertion loss and 1 dB loss in the spot-size converter.

^bThis value was calculated from the 17.5 dB fibre-to-fibre loss and 9 dB off-chip coupling loss.

^cThis value was calculated from the reported V_πL of 130 V μm and length of 15 μm.